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NUR 211 Exam 5 with verified detailed answers
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What is hematology? - ✔✔The study of the blood and the lymphatic system.
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
What are the main components of blood? - ✔✔Plasma, blood cells, oxygen, nutrients,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
carbon dioxide, antibodies, and other proteins.
|| || || || ||
What is hematopoiesis? - ✔✔The production of blood cells in the bone marrow.
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
What are the three main types of blood cells? - ✔✔Red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
(WBCs), and platelets.
|| || ||
What is the function of red blood cells (RBCs)? - ✔✔To carry oxygen throughout the body.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
What is anemia? - ✔✔A condition characterized by a reduction in the oxygen-carrying
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
capacity of the blood. || || ||
What are the five types of white blood cells (WBCs)? - ✔✔Basophils, eosinophils,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. || || ||
What role do platelets play in the body? - ✔✔They are involved in hemostasis, the process
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
of stopping bleeding from damaged blood vessels.
|| || || || || ||
What happens to red blood cells in sickle cell disease (SCD)? - ✔✔They become stiff, lose
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
flexibility, and can clump together, leading to blockages in blood vessels.
|| || || || || || || || || ||
,2
What is the lifespan of red blood cells in individuals with sickle cell disease? -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔Approximately 20 days, compared to the normal lifespan of 120 days. || || || || || || || || || ||
What are the four types of sickle cell crises? - ✔✔1) Vasoocclusive crisis, 2) Aplastic crisis,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
3) Sequestration crisis, 4) Hemolytic crisis.
|| || || || ||
What precipitating factors can lead to a sickle cell crisis? - ✔✔Dehydration, cold
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
temperatures, infection, and low oxygen environments. || || || || ||
What percentage of sickle cell disease patients are estimated to be African American? -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔90%.
What are common clinical manifestations of sickle cell disease? - ✔✔Anemia, pain,
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
swelling, fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath.
|| || || || || ||
What complications can arise from vasoocclusion in sickle cell disease? - ✔✔Tissue
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
ischemia, organ damage, and pain in joints, bones, chest, and abdomen.
|| || || || || || || || || ||
What is the primary goal of treatment for sickle cell disease? - ✔✔To prevent crises and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
manage symptoms. ||
What is hydroxyurea and its role in sickle cell disease treatment? - ✔✔A chemotherapeutic
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
agent that increases fetal hemoglobin production and reduces crisis frequency.
|| || || || || || || || ||
What is an exchange blood transfusion? - ✔✔A treatment where the entire blood volume is
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
exchanged to maintain sickled hemoglobin levels below 50%.
|| || || || || || ||
What are the risks associated with repeated exchange blood transfusions? - ✔✔Increased
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
risk of transfusion reactions and iron overload.
|| || || || || ||
, 2
What is the significance of bilirubin in sickle cell disease? - ✔✔Its release during hemolysis
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
causes an increase in serum bilirubin levels, leading to jaundice.
|| || || || || || || || ||
What is hand-foot syndrome in sickle cell disease? - ✔✔Swelling of the dorsal surfaces of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the hands and feet, causing pain.
|| || || || ||
How does sickle cell disease affect growth and development in children? - ✔✔Children may
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
be smaller than peers, and puberty may be delayed.
|| || || || || || || || ||
What is the impact of sickle cell disease on infection risk? - ✔✔Patients have an increased
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
risk of infections, particularly respiratory infections.
|| || || || ||
What is the role of patient and family education in managing sickle cell disease? - ✔✔It is
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
imperative for effective management of the disease and prevention of crises.
|| || || || || || || || || ||
What is the common cause of death in sickle cell disease patients? - ✔✔Long-term organ
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
damage due to multiple episodes of thrombosis and infarction.
|| || || || || || || ||
What is a major risk associated with repeated exchange transfusions? - ✔✔Increased risk of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
blood transfusion reactions and iron overload.
|| || || || ||
Where is excess iron primarily stored in the body? - ✔✔In the liver.
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
What can high levels of iron in the liver lead to? - ✔✔Fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatomegaly, and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
liver failure. ||
NUR 211 Exam 5 with verified detailed answers
|| || || || || || ||
What is hematology? - ✔✔The study of the blood and the lymphatic system.
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
What are the main components of blood? - ✔✔Plasma, blood cells, oxygen, nutrients,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
carbon dioxide, antibodies, and other proteins.
|| || || || ||
What is hematopoiesis? - ✔✔The production of blood cells in the bone marrow.
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
What are the three main types of blood cells? - ✔✔Red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
(WBCs), and platelets.
|| || ||
What is the function of red blood cells (RBCs)? - ✔✔To carry oxygen throughout the body.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
What is anemia? - ✔✔A condition characterized by a reduction in the oxygen-carrying
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
capacity of the blood. || || ||
What are the five types of white blood cells (WBCs)? - ✔✔Basophils, eosinophils,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. || || ||
What role do platelets play in the body? - ✔✔They are involved in hemostasis, the process
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
of stopping bleeding from damaged blood vessels.
|| || || || || ||
What happens to red blood cells in sickle cell disease (SCD)? - ✔✔They become stiff, lose
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
flexibility, and can clump together, leading to blockages in blood vessels.
|| || || || || || || || || ||
,2
What is the lifespan of red blood cells in individuals with sickle cell disease? -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔Approximately 20 days, compared to the normal lifespan of 120 days. || || || || || || || || || ||
What are the four types of sickle cell crises? - ✔✔1) Vasoocclusive crisis, 2) Aplastic crisis,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
3) Sequestration crisis, 4) Hemolytic crisis.
|| || || || ||
What precipitating factors can lead to a sickle cell crisis? - ✔✔Dehydration, cold
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
temperatures, infection, and low oxygen environments. || || || || ||
What percentage of sickle cell disease patients are estimated to be African American? -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔90%.
What are common clinical manifestations of sickle cell disease? - ✔✔Anemia, pain,
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
swelling, fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath.
|| || || || || ||
What complications can arise from vasoocclusion in sickle cell disease? - ✔✔Tissue
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
ischemia, organ damage, and pain in joints, bones, chest, and abdomen.
|| || || || || || || || || ||
What is the primary goal of treatment for sickle cell disease? - ✔✔To prevent crises and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
manage symptoms. ||
What is hydroxyurea and its role in sickle cell disease treatment? - ✔✔A chemotherapeutic
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
agent that increases fetal hemoglobin production and reduces crisis frequency.
|| || || || || || || || ||
What is an exchange blood transfusion? - ✔✔A treatment where the entire blood volume is
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
exchanged to maintain sickled hemoglobin levels below 50%.
|| || || || || || ||
What are the risks associated with repeated exchange blood transfusions? - ✔✔Increased
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
risk of transfusion reactions and iron overload.
|| || || || || ||
, 2
What is the significance of bilirubin in sickle cell disease? - ✔✔Its release during hemolysis
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
causes an increase in serum bilirubin levels, leading to jaundice.
|| || || || || || || || ||
What is hand-foot syndrome in sickle cell disease? - ✔✔Swelling of the dorsal surfaces of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the hands and feet, causing pain.
|| || || || ||
How does sickle cell disease affect growth and development in children? - ✔✔Children may
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
be smaller than peers, and puberty may be delayed.
|| || || || || || || || ||
What is the impact of sickle cell disease on infection risk? - ✔✔Patients have an increased
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
risk of infections, particularly respiratory infections.
|| || || || ||
What is the role of patient and family education in managing sickle cell disease? - ✔✔It is
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
imperative for effective management of the disease and prevention of crises.
|| || || || || || || || || ||
What is the common cause of death in sickle cell disease patients? - ✔✔Long-term organ
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
damage due to multiple episodes of thrombosis and infarction.
|| || || || || || || ||
What is a major risk associated with repeated exchange transfusions? - ✔✔Increased risk of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
blood transfusion reactions and iron overload.
|| || || || ||
Where is excess iron primarily stored in the body? - ✔✔In the liver.
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
What can high levels of iron in the liver lead to? - ✔✔Fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatomegaly, and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
liver failure. ||
