6.1
, Automated system: a combination of hardware and software that is designed and programmed to work
automatically without the need of any human intervention. (May involve human monitoring)
- sensors are input devices that take readings from their surroundings (if data is analogue, adc is
used to make it digital first)
- microprocessor receives the data and takes the necessary action based on programming
- This usually involves an output, involving signals sent to actuators which control motors,
solenoids etc.
Industrial applications:
advantages:
- much faster than a human operator
- much safer
- more efficient use of materials
- higher productivity
- less expensive to run
disadvantages:
- more expensive to set up
- always possible for a set of conditions to occur which weren’t considered during testing
- any computerised system is subject to cyber attacks
- automated systems need enhanced maintenance which can be expensive
Transport: trains, airplanes, self parking cars, automatic cruise control
Trains
- use automatic signal control system
- for eg if it passes thru red light, comp automatically stops le train
- uses sensors at the side of the track sending signals to the on board computer. actuators used to
activate the brakes.
Self parking cars
- on board sensors and cameras gauge the size of parking spaces, and on board comp signals the
driver if a suitable space has been found
- actuators are used to operate steering rack, brakes, and throttle under full control of the
computer
- position of any objects r calculated by measuring the time taken for signals sent by sensors on
the bumper to reflect back and be received
- This way, the car can be fit into the parking space automatically without driver intervention.
Advantantages:
- cars can fit into smaller spaces
- fewer dents and scratches to the car
- safer system since sensors monitor all objects
- provides very consistent results.
Disadvantages:
, Automated system: a combination of hardware and software that is designed and programmed to work
automatically without the need of any human intervention. (May involve human monitoring)
- sensors are input devices that take readings from their surroundings (if data is analogue, adc is
used to make it digital first)
- microprocessor receives the data and takes the necessary action based on programming
- This usually involves an output, involving signals sent to actuators which control motors,
solenoids etc.
Industrial applications:
advantages:
- much faster than a human operator
- much safer
- more efficient use of materials
- higher productivity
- less expensive to run
disadvantages:
- more expensive to set up
- always possible for a set of conditions to occur which weren’t considered during testing
- any computerised system is subject to cyber attacks
- automated systems need enhanced maintenance which can be expensive
Transport: trains, airplanes, self parking cars, automatic cruise control
Trains
- use automatic signal control system
- for eg if it passes thru red light, comp automatically stops le train
- uses sensors at the side of the track sending signals to the on board computer. actuators used to
activate the brakes.
Self parking cars
- on board sensors and cameras gauge the size of parking spaces, and on board comp signals the
driver if a suitable space has been found
- actuators are used to operate steering rack, brakes, and throttle under full control of the
computer
- position of any objects r calculated by measuring the time taken for signals sent by sensors on
the bumper to reflect back and be received
- This way, the car can be fit into the parking space automatically without driver intervention.
Advantantages:
- cars can fit into smaller spaces
- fewer dents and scratches to the car
- safer system since sensors monitor all objects
- provides very consistent results.
Disadvantages:
