TEST BANK
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
The Biologic Basis For Disease In
Adults And Children
8TH EDITION BY KATHRYN L.
MCCANCE Top Rated A+
,McCance: Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th Edition) TEST
BANK
CONTENTS:
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
Chapter 02: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents
Chapter 03: The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases
Chapter 04: Genes and Genetic Diseases
Chapter 05: Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases
Chapter 06: Epigenetics and Disease
Chapter 07: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing
Chapter 08: Adaptive Immunity
Chapter 09: Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation
Chapter 10: Infection
Chapter 11: Stress and Disease
Chapter 12: Cancer Biology
Chapter 13: Cancer Epidemiology
Chapter 14: Cancer in Children
Chapter 15: Structure and Function of the Neurologic System
Chapter 16: Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function
Chapter 17: Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function
Chapter 18: Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction
Chapter 19: Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders
Chapter 20: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children
Chapter 21: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation
Chapter 22: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation
Chapter 23: Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition
Chapter 24: Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems
Chapter 25: Alterations of the Female Reproductive System
Chapter 26: Alterations of the Male Reproductive System
Chapter 27: Sexually Transmitted Infections
Chapter 28: Structure and Function of the Hematologic System
Chapter 29: Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function
Chapter 30: Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function
Chapter 31: Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children
Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems
Chapter 33: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function
Chapter 34: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children
Chapter 35: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System
Chapter 36: Alterations of Pulmonary Function
Chapter 37: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children
Chapter 38: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems
Chapter 39: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function
Chapter 40: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children
Chapter 41: Structure and Function of the Digestive System
Chapter 42: Alterations of Digestive Function
Chapter 43: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children
Chapter 44: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System
Chapter 45: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function
Chapter 46: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children
Chapter 47: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument
Chapter 48: Alterations of the Integument in Children
Chapter 49: Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults
Chapter 50: Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children
,Part 1: CENTRAL CONCEPTS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: CELLS AND TISSUES
Unit I: THE CELL
CHAPTER 01: CELLULAR BIOLOGY
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as receptors,
transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
a. Lipids
b. Proteases
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates
<<CORRECT ANSWER>>C
Proteins have several functions, including acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes,
and enzymes to drive active pumps Lipids help act as the “glue” holding cell membranes
together. Proteases cause the breakdown of protein. Carbohydrates are involved in cellular
protection and lubrication and help produce energy via oxidative phosphorylation.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
2. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades may be useful in designing drug therapy
for which human diseases?
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders
<<CORRECT ANSWER>>B
Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug
interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many human diseases,
including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. Cardiac, vascular,
gastrointestinal, renal, and endocrine disorders do not involve this process.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
3. Which structure prevents water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
membrane?
a. Carbohydrate chains
b. Glycoprotein channels
c. Membrane channel proteins
d. Lipid bilayer
<<CORRECT ANSWER>>D
The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the plasma membrane. It is
impermeable to most water-soluble molecules (molecules that dissolve in water) because the
water-soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily core region. The bilayer serves as a barrier to
, the diffusion of water and hydrophilic substances while allowing lipid-soluble molecules, such as
oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through it readily. Carbohydrate chains,
glycoprotein channels, and membrane channel proteins do not prevent water-soluble molecules
from entering cells across the cell membrane.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
4. A student asks for an explanation of the absolute refractory period of the action potential. What
response by the professor is best?
a. A stronger than normal impulse will evoke another response.
b. No stimulus is able to evoke another response at this time.
c. Multiple stimuli can produce more rapid action potentials.
d. The hyperpolarized state means a weaker stimulus produces a response.
<<CORRECT ANSWER>>B
During the absolute refractory state of the action potential, no stimulus is able to evoke another
response from the cell. A stronger than normal impulse may generate a response in the relative
refractory period. This period of time is not related to the number of stimuli. A hyperpolarized
state means a stronger than normal stimulus would be needed to generate a response.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
5. Which form of cell communication is used to communicate within the cell itself and with other
cells in direct physical contact?
a. Protein channel (gap junction)
b. Plasma membrane-bound signaling molecules
c. Hormone secretion such as neurotransmitters
d. Extracellular chemical messengers such as ligands
<<CORRECT ANSWER>>B
Cells communicate in three main ways; they display plasma membrane-bound signaling
molecules that affect the cell itself and other cells in direct physical contact with it, they affect
receptor proteins inside the target cell, and they form protein channels (gap junctions) that
directly coordinate the activities of adjacent cells. Neurotransmitters are released by neurons and
cross the synaptic cleft to communicate with the cells they innervate. Ligands are involved in
binding processes.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
6. Which mode of chemical signaling uses blood to transport communication to cells some distance
away?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurotransmitter
d. Hormonal
<<CORRECT ANSWER>>D
Chemical signaling can be classified into three categories: (1) local-chemical mediator, (2)
hormone, and (3) neurotransmitter. Hormones are released by one set of cells and travel through
tissues or the bloodstream to another set of cells where they produce a response by those cells. In
paracrine signaling, cells secrete local chemical mediators that are quickly absorbed, destroyed,
or immobilized. Paracrine signaling requires close membrane-to-membrane contact. Paracrine
signaling usually involves different cell types; however, cells also may produce signals that they,
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
The Biologic Basis For Disease In
Adults And Children
8TH EDITION BY KATHRYN L.
MCCANCE Top Rated A+
,McCance: Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th Edition) TEST
BANK
CONTENTS:
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
Chapter 02: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents
Chapter 03: The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases
Chapter 04: Genes and Genetic Diseases
Chapter 05: Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases
Chapter 06: Epigenetics and Disease
Chapter 07: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing
Chapter 08: Adaptive Immunity
Chapter 09: Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation
Chapter 10: Infection
Chapter 11: Stress and Disease
Chapter 12: Cancer Biology
Chapter 13: Cancer Epidemiology
Chapter 14: Cancer in Children
Chapter 15: Structure and Function of the Neurologic System
Chapter 16: Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function
Chapter 17: Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function
Chapter 18: Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction
Chapter 19: Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders
Chapter 20: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children
Chapter 21: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation
Chapter 22: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation
Chapter 23: Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition
Chapter 24: Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems
Chapter 25: Alterations of the Female Reproductive System
Chapter 26: Alterations of the Male Reproductive System
Chapter 27: Sexually Transmitted Infections
Chapter 28: Structure and Function of the Hematologic System
Chapter 29: Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function
Chapter 30: Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function
Chapter 31: Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children
Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems
Chapter 33: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function
Chapter 34: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children
Chapter 35: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System
Chapter 36: Alterations of Pulmonary Function
Chapter 37: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children
Chapter 38: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems
Chapter 39: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function
Chapter 40: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children
Chapter 41: Structure and Function of the Digestive System
Chapter 42: Alterations of Digestive Function
Chapter 43: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children
Chapter 44: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System
Chapter 45: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function
Chapter 46: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children
Chapter 47: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument
Chapter 48: Alterations of the Integument in Children
Chapter 49: Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults
Chapter 50: Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children
,Part 1: CENTRAL CONCEPTS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: CELLS AND TISSUES
Unit I: THE CELL
CHAPTER 01: CELLULAR BIOLOGY
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as receptors,
transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
a. Lipids
b. Proteases
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates
<<CORRECT ANSWER>>C
Proteins have several functions, including acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes,
and enzymes to drive active pumps Lipids help act as the “glue” holding cell membranes
together. Proteases cause the breakdown of protein. Carbohydrates are involved in cellular
protection and lubrication and help produce energy via oxidative phosphorylation.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
2. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades may be useful in designing drug therapy
for which human diseases?
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders
<<CORRECT ANSWER>>B
Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug
interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many human diseases,
including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. Cardiac, vascular,
gastrointestinal, renal, and endocrine disorders do not involve this process.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
3. Which structure prevents water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
membrane?
a. Carbohydrate chains
b. Glycoprotein channels
c. Membrane channel proteins
d. Lipid bilayer
<<CORRECT ANSWER>>D
The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the plasma membrane. It is
impermeable to most water-soluble molecules (molecules that dissolve in water) because the
water-soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily core region. The bilayer serves as a barrier to
, the diffusion of water and hydrophilic substances while allowing lipid-soluble molecules, such as
oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through it readily. Carbohydrate chains,
glycoprotein channels, and membrane channel proteins do not prevent water-soluble molecules
from entering cells across the cell membrane.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
4. A student asks for an explanation of the absolute refractory period of the action potential. What
response by the professor is best?
a. A stronger than normal impulse will evoke another response.
b. No stimulus is able to evoke another response at this time.
c. Multiple stimuli can produce more rapid action potentials.
d. The hyperpolarized state means a weaker stimulus produces a response.
<<CORRECT ANSWER>>B
During the absolute refractory state of the action potential, no stimulus is able to evoke another
response from the cell. A stronger than normal impulse may generate a response in the relative
refractory period. This period of time is not related to the number of stimuli. A hyperpolarized
state means a stronger than normal stimulus would be needed to generate a response.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
5. Which form of cell communication is used to communicate within the cell itself and with other
cells in direct physical contact?
a. Protein channel (gap junction)
b. Plasma membrane-bound signaling molecules
c. Hormone secretion such as neurotransmitters
d. Extracellular chemical messengers such as ligands
<<CORRECT ANSWER>>B
Cells communicate in three main ways; they display plasma membrane-bound signaling
molecules that affect the cell itself and other cells in direct physical contact with it, they affect
receptor proteins inside the target cell, and they form protein channels (gap junctions) that
directly coordinate the activities of adjacent cells. Neurotransmitters are released by neurons and
cross the synaptic cleft to communicate with the cells they innervate. Ligands are involved in
binding processes.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
6. Which mode of chemical signaling uses blood to transport communication to cells some distance
away?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurotransmitter
d. Hormonal
<<CORRECT ANSWER>>D
Chemical signaling can be classified into three categories: (1) local-chemical mediator, (2)
hormone, and (3) neurotransmitter. Hormones are released by one set of cells and travel through
tissues or the bloodstream to another set of cells where they produce a response by those cells. In
paracrine signaling, cells secrete local chemical mediators that are quickly absorbed, destroyed,
or immobilized. Paracrine signaling requires close membrane-to-membrane contact. Paracrine
signaling usually involves different cell types; however, cells also may produce signals that they,
