NR571 Final Exam Updated 2026 Complex Diagnosis
& Management in Acute Care Review ||Verified
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What are the risk factors for VTE in vascular damage? -
Answer-Smoking
Atherosclerotic plaque
Prolonged elevated BP
Femoral line catheterization
Surgery
What are the risk factors for VTE in venous stasis? -
Answer-Prolonged immobility or hospitalization
Obesity
Paralysis of lower extremities
Pregnancy & until 12 wks. postpartum
Malignancy & chemotherapy
Clinical presentation of DVT - Answer-unilateral pain,
swelling, or redness to the affected extremity
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may exhibit warmth, erythema, edema, and tenderness in
the affected extremity
what is the recommended treatment for stable DVT in the
outpatient setting? - Answer-Direct Acting oral
anticoagulants
minimum of 3 months
d/t efficacy and safety profile.
no routine laboratory monitoring is needed.
*contraindicated*
in patients with hepatic or renal impairment (CrCl
<30mL/min)
No reversal agents for these
What is the first step in treating acute VTE? - Answer-
preventing further thrombus by starting a med that rapidly
inhibits thrombin
-low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH)
-fondaparinux
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-heparin
-rivaroxaban
-apixaban
what first line VTE medications should not be given to a
patient with a history of HIT? - Answer-should not receive:
heparin or LMWH
SHOUD receive danaparoid, argatroban or fondaparinux
HIT: heparin induce-thrombocytopenia
reversal agent for Heparin or LMWH - Answer-protamine
sulfate
reversal agent for warfarin - Answer-Vitamin K oral or IV
Prothrombin complex concentrate
Vit K takes 12 hrs to take effect, IV is faster.
PCC works instantly but only last 4-6 hours- should be
used together.
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reversal agent for dabigatran. (DOA) - Answer-Antibodies
to dabigatran (Idarucizumab)- book answer
reversal agent for Factor Xa Inhibitors: (apixaban,
rivaroxaban, edoxaban and betrixaban) - Answer-4-Factor
PCC (Kcentra)
Differential Dx for PE - Answer-Pneumonia, asthma,
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Congestive heart failure
Pericarditis
Pleurisy: "viral syndrome," costochondritis,
musculoskeletal discomfort
Rib fracture, pneumothorax
Acute coronary syndrome
Anxiety
Vasovagal syncope
first-line therapy for most patients in treating acute PE. -
Answer-Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOAC)
include dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban.