NUR2063 Final Exam Essentials of Pathophysiology Questions and
Correct Answers with Explanation | Latest Update | Rasmussen
University
1. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by IgE antibodies and
involves the release of histamine from mast cells?
A. Type II (Cytotoxic)
B. Type IV (Delayed)
C. Type III (Immune Complex)
D. Type I (Immediate)
Answer: D
Explanation: Type I hypersensitivity involves IgE binding to mast cells, causing
degranulation and release of histamine, often seen in allergies and anaphylaxis.
2. In a patient with metabolic acidosis, which of the following laboratory results
would be expected?
A. High pH and high bicarbonate (HCO3-)
B. Low pH and low bicarbonate (HCO3-)
C. Low pH and high CO2
D. High pH and low CO2
Answer: B
,Explanation: Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a decrease in pH (acidemia) and a
decrease in bicarbonate levels.
3. Which clinical manifestation is a hallmark sign of left-sided heart failure?
A. Peripheral edema
B. Pulmonary crackles
C. Jugular venous distention
D. Splenomegaly
Answer: B
Explanation: Left-sided heart failure causes blood to back up into the pulmonary
circulation, leading to pulmonary congestion and crackles (rales).
4. What is the primary pathophysiology behind Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
A. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
B. Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues
C. Overproduction of glucagon
D. Increased hepatic glucose production
Answer: A
Explanation: Type 1 Diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the immune system
destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.
, 5. A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) often develops anemia. This is
primarily due to a deficiency in which hormone?
A. Renin
B. Erythropoietin
C. Aldosterone
D. Antidiuretic hormone
Answer: B
Explanation: The kidneys produce erythropoietin, which stimulates red blood cell
production; in CKD, production decreases, leading to anemia.
6. Which of the following describes a ‘shift to the left’ in a white blood cell
count?
A. Increase in immature neutrophils (bands)
B. Increase in mature lymphocytes
C. Decrease in total white blood cell count
D. Increase in eosinophils during an allergic reaction
Answer: A
Explanation: A ‘shift to the left’ refers to an increase in bands (immature neutrophils),
indicating an acute bacterial infection.
Correct Answers with Explanation | Latest Update | Rasmussen
University
1. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by IgE antibodies and
involves the release of histamine from mast cells?
A. Type II (Cytotoxic)
B. Type IV (Delayed)
C. Type III (Immune Complex)
D. Type I (Immediate)
Answer: D
Explanation: Type I hypersensitivity involves IgE binding to mast cells, causing
degranulation and release of histamine, often seen in allergies and anaphylaxis.
2. In a patient with metabolic acidosis, which of the following laboratory results
would be expected?
A. High pH and high bicarbonate (HCO3-)
B. Low pH and low bicarbonate (HCO3-)
C. Low pH and high CO2
D. High pH and low CO2
Answer: B
,Explanation: Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a decrease in pH (acidemia) and a
decrease in bicarbonate levels.
3. Which clinical manifestation is a hallmark sign of left-sided heart failure?
A. Peripheral edema
B. Pulmonary crackles
C. Jugular venous distention
D. Splenomegaly
Answer: B
Explanation: Left-sided heart failure causes blood to back up into the pulmonary
circulation, leading to pulmonary congestion and crackles (rales).
4. What is the primary pathophysiology behind Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
A. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
B. Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues
C. Overproduction of glucagon
D. Increased hepatic glucose production
Answer: A
Explanation: Type 1 Diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the immune system
destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.
, 5. A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) often develops anemia. This is
primarily due to a deficiency in which hormone?
A. Renin
B. Erythropoietin
C. Aldosterone
D. Antidiuretic hormone
Answer: B
Explanation: The kidneys produce erythropoietin, which stimulates red blood cell
production; in CKD, production decreases, leading to anemia.
6. Which of the following describes a ‘shift to the left’ in a white blood cell
count?
A. Increase in immature neutrophils (bands)
B. Increase in mature lymphocytes
C. Decrease in total white blood cell count
D. Increase in eosinophils during an allergic reaction
Answer: A
Explanation: A ‘shift to the left’ refers to an increase in bands (immature neutrophils),
indicating an acute bacterial infection.
