NUR2063 Exam 1 Essentials of Pathophysiology Questions and Correct
Answers with Explanation | Latest Update | Rasmussen University
1. A patient has a decrease in the size of their leg muscle after being in a cast for
6 weeks. What cellular adaptation is this?
A. Hypertrophy
B. Metaplasia
C. Hyperplasia
D. Atrophy
Answer: D
Explanation: Atrophy is the decrease in cellular size due to disuse, decreased blood flow,
or loss of endocrine stimulation.
2. Which cellular adaptation is characterized by an increase in the number of
cells in an organ or tissue?
A. Dysplasia
B. Hyperplasia
C. Atrophy
D. Hypertrophy
Answer: B
,Explanation: Hyperplasia refers to an increase in the number of cells resulting from an
increased rate of cellular division.
3. A smoker’s lung biopsy reveals that the normal ciliated columnar epithelium
has been replaced by stratified squamous epithelium. This is an example of:
A. Anaplasia
B. Dysplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Hypertrophy
Answer: C
Explanation: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another,
often as a response to chronic irritation.
4. Dysplasia is often referred to as:
A. Atypical hyperplasia
B. Normal cell growth
C. Programmed cell death
D. Physiologic adaptation
Answer: A
Explanation: Dysplasia, or atypical hyperplasia, involves abnormal changes in size, shape,
and organization of mature cells and is often a precursor to cancer.
, 5. What is the most common cause of cellular injury?
A. Hypoxia
B. Physical trauma
C. Chemical agents
D. Genetic defects
Answer: A
Explanation: Hypoxia, or lack of sufficient oxygen, is the single most common cause of
cellular injury.
6. Which type of cell death involves cellular swelling and the rupture of cell
membranes leading to inflammation?
A. Necrosis
B. Autophagy
C. Apoptosis
D. Senescence
Answer: A
Explanation: Necrosis is characterized by cell membrane rupture and the release of
intracellular contents, which triggers an inflammatory response.
Answers with Explanation | Latest Update | Rasmussen University
1. A patient has a decrease in the size of their leg muscle after being in a cast for
6 weeks. What cellular adaptation is this?
A. Hypertrophy
B. Metaplasia
C. Hyperplasia
D. Atrophy
Answer: D
Explanation: Atrophy is the decrease in cellular size due to disuse, decreased blood flow,
or loss of endocrine stimulation.
2. Which cellular adaptation is characterized by an increase in the number of
cells in an organ or tissue?
A. Dysplasia
B. Hyperplasia
C. Atrophy
D. Hypertrophy
Answer: B
,Explanation: Hyperplasia refers to an increase in the number of cells resulting from an
increased rate of cellular division.
3. A smoker’s lung biopsy reveals that the normal ciliated columnar epithelium
has been replaced by stratified squamous epithelium. This is an example of:
A. Anaplasia
B. Dysplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Hypertrophy
Answer: C
Explanation: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another,
often as a response to chronic irritation.
4. Dysplasia is often referred to as:
A. Atypical hyperplasia
B. Normal cell growth
C. Programmed cell death
D. Physiologic adaptation
Answer: A
Explanation: Dysplasia, or atypical hyperplasia, involves abnormal changes in size, shape,
and organization of mature cells and is often a precursor to cancer.
, 5. What is the most common cause of cellular injury?
A. Hypoxia
B. Physical trauma
C. Chemical agents
D. Genetic defects
Answer: A
Explanation: Hypoxia, or lack of sufficient oxygen, is the single most common cause of
cellular injury.
6. Which type of cell death involves cellular swelling and the rupture of cell
membranes leading to inflammation?
A. Necrosis
B. Autophagy
C. Apoptosis
D. Senescence
Answer: A
Explanation: Necrosis is characterized by cell membrane rupture and the release of
intracellular contents, which triggers an inflammatory response.
