PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS RADED A+ GUARANTEED PASS
pharmacokinetics - CORRECT ANSWERS-relationship between drug dosage and concentration
in plasma over time, determines onset, duration, and intensity of drug
pharmacodynamics - CORRECT ANSWERS-relationship between drug concentration over time
and therapeutic response
full agonist - CORRECT ANSWERS-affinity to, and full activator, of receptor (high intrinsic
activity/efficacy), increases activity above basal level of receptor where receptor has a constitutive
(intrinsic basal) level of activity in the absence of a ligand
inverse agonist - CORRECT ANSWERS-affinity to, and full activator of receptor (high intrinsic
activity/efficacy), but has exact opposite effect of full agonist (metoprolol), decreases activity below
basal level of receptor where receptor has a constitutive (intrinsic basal) level of activity in the absence
of a ligand
partial agonist - CORRECT ANSWERS-affinity to receptor but only partially activates a
receptor, produces less than the ceiling effect of a full agonist
pure antagonist - CORRECT ANSWERS-affinity to receptor but produces no activation, dose
curve is a straight line across the bottom of an XY graph (EX oraverse vasodilates, overcoming the
vasocontriction of the LA)
neutral antgonist - CORRECT ANSWERS-has no activity in the absence of an agonist or inverse
agonist but can block either's activity
competitive antagonist - CORRECT ANSWERS-lacks efficacy, competes with agonists for
binding sites, inhibitory effect can be overcome by increasing concentration of competing agonist
every drug produces a variety of effects, we hope we can get separation from things we want and
adverse side effects, this is different for every patient - CORRECT ANSWERS-
, know the second slide on page 10 of principles of drugs - CORRECT ANSWERS-which drugs is
most potent, least potenet, most efficient and least efficient
physiological antagonism - CORRECT ANSWERS-stimulates competing/opposite physiological
responses which counteract the effects of a therapeutic drug, the inhibitory effect can *NOT* be
overcome by increasing the agonist dosage (EX epi is used during anaphylaxis to produce physiological
responses instead of an antihistamine which is only a competing antagonist)
exam will ask you to explain interactions between drugs in reference to physiological antagonism that
were explained in lectures - CORRECT ANSWERS-
therapeutic index - CORRECT ANSWERS-the difference between a dose that produces a
therapeutic effect and a dose that produces a lethal toxicity, this has to do with a population
which drug is a safer drug? a drug with a
therapeutic index of 2
or
therapeutic index of 10 - CORRECT ANSWERS-the therapeutic index of 10 is safer, there is a
larger range of dosages we can give without toxicity
therapeutic window - CORRECT ANSWERS-difference between ineffective and effective dose
range, drugs like penicillin has a large window where others have a small one (more dangerous), some
DDIs happen to decrease or increase metabolism/reception of the drug and therefore increase or
decrease plasma conc. causing toxicity or ineffectiveness depending on the type of DDI
theophylline and cigarette smoker - CORRECT ANSWERS-drug will be ineffective due to
cigarette smoke impeding the metabolism of theophylline, need 4x the normal dose
first pass metabolism - CORRECT ANSWERS-drug is absorbed into blood stream and goes to
the liver first before it can get into systemic circulation, very important, could lose a lot of the drug
before it is able to reach target, need to compensate by giving more or give the medication another way
(EX sublingual, but most drugs are not absorbed this way, rectal, or localized)
VERIFIED ANSWERS RADED A+ GUARANTEED PASS
pharmacokinetics - CORRECT ANSWERS-relationship between drug dosage and concentration
in plasma over time, determines onset, duration, and intensity of drug
pharmacodynamics - CORRECT ANSWERS-relationship between drug concentration over time
and therapeutic response
full agonist - CORRECT ANSWERS-affinity to, and full activator, of receptor (high intrinsic
activity/efficacy), increases activity above basal level of receptor where receptor has a constitutive
(intrinsic basal) level of activity in the absence of a ligand
inverse agonist - CORRECT ANSWERS-affinity to, and full activator of receptor (high intrinsic
activity/efficacy), but has exact opposite effect of full agonist (metoprolol), decreases activity below
basal level of receptor where receptor has a constitutive (intrinsic basal) level of activity in the absence
of a ligand
partial agonist - CORRECT ANSWERS-affinity to receptor but only partially activates a
receptor, produces less than the ceiling effect of a full agonist
pure antagonist - CORRECT ANSWERS-affinity to receptor but produces no activation, dose
curve is a straight line across the bottom of an XY graph (EX oraverse vasodilates, overcoming the
vasocontriction of the LA)
neutral antgonist - CORRECT ANSWERS-has no activity in the absence of an agonist or inverse
agonist but can block either's activity
competitive antagonist - CORRECT ANSWERS-lacks efficacy, competes with agonists for
binding sites, inhibitory effect can be overcome by increasing concentration of competing agonist
every drug produces a variety of effects, we hope we can get separation from things we want and
adverse side effects, this is different for every patient - CORRECT ANSWERS-
, know the second slide on page 10 of principles of drugs - CORRECT ANSWERS-which drugs is
most potent, least potenet, most efficient and least efficient
physiological antagonism - CORRECT ANSWERS-stimulates competing/opposite physiological
responses which counteract the effects of a therapeutic drug, the inhibitory effect can *NOT* be
overcome by increasing the agonist dosage (EX epi is used during anaphylaxis to produce physiological
responses instead of an antihistamine which is only a competing antagonist)
exam will ask you to explain interactions between drugs in reference to physiological antagonism that
were explained in lectures - CORRECT ANSWERS-
therapeutic index - CORRECT ANSWERS-the difference between a dose that produces a
therapeutic effect and a dose that produces a lethal toxicity, this has to do with a population
which drug is a safer drug? a drug with a
therapeutic index of 2
or
therapeutic index of 10 - CORRECT ANSWERS-the therapeutic index of 10 is safer, there is a
larger range of dosages we can give without toxicity
therapeutic window - CORRECT ANSWERS-difference between ineffective and effective dose
range, drugs like penicillin has a large window where others have a small one (more dangerous), some
DDIs happen to decrease or increase metabolism/reception of the drug and therefore increase or
decrease plasma conc. causing toxicity or ineffectiveness depending on the type of DDI
theophylline and cigarette smoker - CORRECT ANSWERS-drug will be ineffective due to
cigarette smoke impeding the metabolism of theophylline, need 4x the normal dose
first pass metabolism - CORRECT ANSWERS-drug is absorbed into blood stream and goes to
the liver first before it can get into systemic circulation, very important, could lose a lot of the drug
before it is able to reach target, need to compensate by giving more or give the medication another way
(EX sublingual, but most drugs are not absorbed this way, rectal, or localized)
