RN PHARMACOLOGY A RELIAS EXAM
EXAM SCRIPT 2026 COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ Antacids: Generic and Brand Names. Answer: Here is a list of the
most commonly encountered antacids and their brand names.
ClassificationGeneric nameBrand nameAntacidsaluminum
saltsAlternaGELcalcium saltsOystercal, TumsmagaldrateLosopan,
Riopanmagnesium saltsMilk of Magnesia, otherssodium
bicarbonateBell-ans
⩥ What are antacids?. Answer: Antacids are a group of inorganic
chemicals that neutralize stomach acid.
Antacids are available OTC, and many patients use them to self-treat a
variety of GI symptoms.
The choice of an antacid depends on adverse effects and absorption
factors.
⩥ Antacids Therapeutic actions. Answer: The desired actions of antacids
include the following:
Neutralize stomach acid by direct chemical reaction.
Symptomatic relief of an upset stomach associated with hyperacidity, as
well as the hyperacidity associated with peptic ulcer, gastritis, peptic
esophagitis, gastric hyperacidity, and hiatal hernia.
,⩥ Antacids Contraindications and Cautions. Answer: The following are
contraindications and cautions when using antacids:
Allergy. The antacids are contraindicated in the presence of any known
allergy to antacid products or any component of the drug to prevent
hypersensitivity reactions.
Co-morbidities. Caution should be used in the following instances: any
condition that can be exacerbated by electrolyte or acid-based imbalance
to prevent exacerbations and serious adverse effects; any electrolyte
imbalance , which could be exacerbated by the electrolyte-changing
effects of these drugs; GI obstruction which could cause systemic
absorption of the drugs and increase adverse effects; renal dysfunction,
which could lead to electrolyte disturbance if any absorbed antacid is
neutralized properly.
Pregnancy and lactation. Antacids are contraindicated for pregnant and
lactating women because of the potential for adverse effects on the fetus
or neonate.
⩥ Histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonists. Answer: Histamine-2 (H2)
receptor antagonists block the release of acid in response to gastrin or
parasympathetic release.
⩥ Histamine-2 Antagonist: Generic and Brand Names. Answer: Here is
a table of the most commonly used H2 antagonists.
ClassificationGeneric nameBrand nameHistamine-2
antagonistscimetidineTagametranitidineZantacfamotidinePepcidnizatidi
neAxid
, ⩥ H2 blockers Therapeutic actions. Answer: The desired actions of H2
antagonists include the following:
Selectively block H2 receptors located on the parietal cells.
Prevents the release of gastrin, a hormone that causes local release of
histamine (due to stimulation of histamine receptors), ultimately
blocking the production of hydrochloric acid.
Decreases pepsin production by the chief cells.
⩥ Proton Pump Inhibitors. Answer: The gastric acid pump or proton
pump inhibitors suppress gastric acid secretion by specifically inhibiting
the hydrogen-potassium adenosine triphosphate enzyme system on the
secretory surface of the gastric parietal cells.
⩥ Proton Pump Inhibitors: Generic and Brand Names. Answer: Here is a
table of the most commonly encountered proton pump inhibitor:
ClassificationGeneric nameBrand nameProton pump
inhibitorsdexlansoprazoleKapidexesomeprazoleNexiumlansoprazolePre
vacidomeprazolePrilosecpantoprazoleProtonixrabeprazoleAciphex
⩥ What are Proton Pump Inhibitors?. Answer: Proton pump inhibitors
suppress the secretion of hydrochloric acid into the lumen of the
stomach.
EXAM SCRIPT 2026 COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ Antacids: Generic and Brand Names. Answer: Here is a list of the
most commonly encountered antacids and their brand names.
ClassificationGeneric nameBrand nameAntacidsaluminum
saltsAlternaGELcalcium saltsOystercal, TumsmagaldrateLosopan,
Riopanmagnesium saltsMilk of Magnesia, otherssodium
bicarbonateBell-ans
⩥ What are antacids?. Answer: Antacids are a group of inorganic
chemicals that neutralize stomach acid.
Antacids are available OTC, and many patients use them to self-treat a
variety of GI symptoms.
The choice of an antacid depends on adverse effects and absorption
factors.
⩥ Antacids Therapeutic actions. Answer: The desired actions of antacids
include the following:
Neutralize stomach acid by direct chemical reaction.
Symptomatic relief of an upset stomach associated with hyperacidity, as
well as the hyperacidity associated with peptic ulcer, gastritis, peptic
esophagitis, gastric hyperacidity, and hiatal hernia.
,⩥ Antacids Contraindications and Cautions. Answer: The following are
contraindications and cautions when using antacids:
Allergy. The antacids are contraindicated in the presence of any known
allergy to antacid products or any component of the drug to prevent
hypersensitivity reactions.
Co-morbidities. Caution should be used in the following instances: any
condition that can be exacerbated by electrolyte or acid-based imbalance
to prevent exacerbations and serious adverse effects; any electrolyte
imbalance , which could be exacerbated by the electrolyte-changing
effects of these drugs; GI obstruction which could cause systemic
absorption of the drugs and increase adverse effects; renal dysfunction,
which could lead to electrolyte disturbance if any absorbed antacid is
neutralized properly.
Pregnancy and lactation. Antacids are contraindicated for pregnant and
lactating women because of the potential for adverse effects on the fetus
or neonate.
⩥ Histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonists. Answer: Histamine-2 (H2)
receptor antagonists block the release of acid in response to gastrin or
parasympathetic release.
⩥ Histamine-2 Antagonist: Generic and Brand Names. Answer: Here is
a table of the most commonly used H2 antagonists.
ClassificationGeneric nameBrand nameHistamine-2
antagonistscimetidineTagametranitidineZantacfamotidinePepcidnizatidi
neAxid
, ⩥ H2 blockers Therapeutic actions. Answer: The desired actions of H2
antagonists include the following:
Selectively block H2 receptors located on the parietal cells.
Prevents the release of gastrin, a hormone that causes local release of
histamine (due to stimulation of histamine receptors), ultimately
blocking the production of hydrochloric acid.
Decreases pepsin production by the chief cells.
⩥ Proton Pump Inhibitors. Answer: The gastric acid pump or proton
pump inhibitors suppress gastric acid secretion by specifically inhibiting
the hydrogen-potassium adenosine triphosphate enzyme system on the
secretory surface of the gastric parietal cells.
⩥ Proton Pump Inhibitors: Generic and Brand Names. Answer: Here is a
table of the most commonly encountered proton pump inhibitor:
ClassificationGeneric nameBrand nameProton pump
inhibitorsdexlansoprazoleKapidexesomeprazoleNexiumlansoprazolePre
vacidomeprazolePrilosecpantoprazoleProtonixrabeprazoleAciphex
⩥ What are Proton Pump Inhibitors?. Answer: Proton pump inhibitors
suppress the secretion of hydrochloric acid into the lumen of the
stomach.
