NR 507: ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Asthma - ANSWERChronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive
inflammatory response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma - ANSWERcoughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) - ANSWER-airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-
reactivity and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles - ANSWERsmaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that
become the alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles - ANSWERinnermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
lamina propria - ANSWERthe middle layer of the bronchioles
structure of the lamina propria - ANSWERembedded with connective tissue cells and
immune cells
purpose of the lamina propria - ANSWERwhite blood cells are present to help protect
the airways
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma - ANSWERthe WBCs
protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory response that damages
host tissue
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain - ANSWERcolumnar epithelial
ells and mucus producing goblet cells
, What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain - ANSWERsmooth muscle
cells
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do - ANSWERcontrol the airways
ability to constrict and dilate
most common irritant with bronchitis is? - ANSWERtobacco product smoke
what does long term exposure to irritants promote in bronchitis? (5) - ANSWER- smooth
muscle hypertrophy
- hypertrophy and hyperplasia of goblet cells
- epithelial cell metaplasia
- migration of more WBC to site
- thickening and rigidity of bronchial basement membrane
What does smooth muscle hypertrophy do in lungs? - ANSWERcauses increased
bronchoconstriction
Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of goblet cells do what in the bronchials -
ANSWERpromotes hypersecretion of mucus
What are characteristics of epithelial cell metaplasia? - ANSWERsquamous cells
become nonciliated and are less protective; allow passage of toxins and WBCs
What does the migration of WBCs to the bronchials do? - ANSWERincreases
inflammation of the cite and causes fibrosis in the bronchial wall
How does the thickening and rigidity of bronchial basement membranes effect the
lungs? - ANSWERleads to further narrowing of the bronchial passageways
What acid-base disorder is seen in chronic bronchitis? - ANSWERrespiratory acidosis
how does chronic bronchitis lead to respiratory acidosis? - ANSWERhyperinflation of
the alveoli causes CO2 retention
Where does air enter the body? - ANSWERnaso and oropharynx (mouth and nose)
Where does air go after it passes through the nose and mouth? - ANSWERit passes
through the trachea
After air passes through the trachea where does it go? - ANSWERgoes into the left or
right bronchi
Where does air flow after the bronchi? - ANSWERinto the smaller bronchioles
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Asthma - ANSWERChronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive
inflammatory response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma - ANSWERcoughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) - ANSWER-airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-
reactivity and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles - ANSWERsmaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that
become the alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles - ANSWERinnermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
lamina propria - ANSWERthe middle layer of the bronchioles
structure of the lamina propria - ANSWERembedded with connective tissue cells and
immune cells
purpose of the lamina propria - ANSWERwhite blood cells are present to help protect
the airways
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma - ANSWERthe WBCs
protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory response that damages
host tissue
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain - ANSWERcolumnar epithelial
ells and mucus producing goblet cells
, What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain - ANSWERsmooth muscle
cells
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do - ANSWERcontrol the airways
ability to constrict and dilate
most common irritant with bronchitis is? - ANSWERtobacco product smoke
what does long term exposure to irritants promote in bronchitis? (5) - ANSWER- smooth
muscle hypertrophy
- hypertrophy and hyperplasia of goblet cells
- epithelial cell metaplasia
- migration of more WBC to site
- thickening and rigidity of bronchial basement membrane
What does smooth muscle hypertrophy do in lungs? - ANSWERcauses increased
bronchoconstriction
Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of goblet cells do what in the bronchials -
ANSWERpromotes hypersecretion of mucus
What are characteristics of epithelial cell metaplasia? - ANSWERsquamous cells
become nonciliated and are less protective; allow passage of toxins and WBCs
What does the migration of WBCs to the bronchials do? - ANSWERincreases
inflammation of the cite and causes fibrosis in the bronchial wall
How does the thickening and rigidity of bronchial basement membranes effect the
lungs? - ANSWERleads to further narrowing of the bronchial passageways
What acid-base disorder is seen in chronic bronchitis? - ANSWERrespiratory acidosis
how does chronic bronchitis lead to respiratory acidosis? - ANSWERhyperinflation of
the alveoli causes CO2 retention
Where does air enter the body? - ANSWERnaso and oropharynx (mouth and nose)
Where does air go after it passes through the nose and mouth? - ANSWERit passes
through the trachea
After air passes through the trachea where does it go? - ANSWERgoes into the left or
right bronchi
Where does air flow after the bronchi? - ANSWERinto the smaller bronchioles
