WGU D116; Advanced Pharmacology; complete exam
practice test Questions with verified Answers 2025/2026
1. Cardiology
Question:
A 68-year-old male with a history of lung cancer treated with radiation and
chemotherapy presents for preoperative clearance before cholecystectomy.
On exam, a mid-systolic murmur increases in intensity when standing. He
reports decreased exercise tolerance and shortness of breath. What is the
most likely diagnosis?
Answer:
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
2. Lymphatic System
Question:
Which of the following structures is NOT directly associated with the lymphatic
pathway?
A. Thoracic duct
B. Spleen
C. Carotid artery
D. Lymph nodes
Answer:
C. Carotid artery
3. Immunology
Question:
The thymus secretes which hormone from its epithelial cells?
Answer:
Thymosin
Question:
Which cytokine is responsible for the growth and maturation of B cells?
Answer:
,Interleukin-4 (IL-4)
Question:
Which of the following is NOT a primary target of T cells?
A. Virus-infected cells
B. Cancer cells
C. Transplanted tissue
D. Toxins
Answer:
D. Toxins
Question:
Which molecule is a key component of cytotoxic T cells?
Answer:
CD8
Question:
Which immunoglobulin binds complement?
Answer:
IgG
Question:
Which cytokine is secreted by macrophages?
Answer:
Interleukin-1 (IL-1)
Question:
The tuberculosis skin test is an example of what type of immune response?
Answer:
Delayed hypersensitivity (Type IV)
Question:
Which autoantibody is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus?
Answer:
,Antinuclear antibodies (ANA)
Question:
Which condition is associated with B-cell deficiency?
Answer:
Bruton agammaglobulinemia (X-linked agammaglobulinemia)
4. Hematology & Vascular
Question:
Which genetic mutations predispose a patient to deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
Answer:
Factor V Leiden mutation and Prothrombin gene mutation (G20210A)
Question:
Which of the following are common findings in left-sided heart failure?
Answer:
Dyspnea, crackles, oliguria, frothy sputum, displaced apical impulse
Question:
Which findings are associated with right-sided heart failure?
Answer:
Jugular venous distention, dependent edema, weight gain, hepatomegaly
5. Renal Disorders
Question:
All of the following electrolyte abnormalities are common in chronic renal
failure EXCEPT:
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hyperphosphatemia
C. Hypophosphatemia
D. Metabolic acidosis
Answer:
C. Hypophosphatemia
, Question:
A 78-year-old male presents with fatigue, bladder distention, BUN 88 mg/dL,
and creatinine 2.8 mg/dL. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Answer:
Postrenal azotemia
Question:
A 68-year-old woman with heart failure presents with hypotension, S3 heart
sound, crackles, BUN 58 mg/dL, and creatinine 2.4 mg/dL. What is the most
likely diagnosis?
Answer:
Prerenal azotemia
Question:
Which patient is most likely to require initiation of dialysis for chronic kidney
disease?
Answer:
A 64-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes and GFR of 28 mL/min
Question:
In acute blood loss with hypotension, renal blood flow is primarily regulated by
what mechanism?
Answer:
Increased sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity
Question:
A patient with sepsis has a significant rise in serum creatinine. What is the
most likely cause?
Answer:
Prerenal kidney damage
Question:
Which patient is at greatest risk for nephrolithiasis?
Answer:
practice test Questions with verified Answers 2025/2026
1. Cardiology
Question:
A 68-year-old male with a history of lung cancer treated with radiation and
chemotherapy presents for preoperative clearance before cholecystectomy.
On exam, a mid-systolic murmur increases in intensity when standing. He
reports decreased exercise tolerance and shortness of breath. What is the
most likely diagnosis?
Answer:
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
2. Lymphatic System
Question:
Which of the following structures is NOT directly associated with the lymphatic
pathway?
A. Thoracic duct
B. Spleen
C. Carotid artery
D. Lymph nodes
Answer:
C. Carotid artery
3. Immunology
Question:
The thymus secretes which hormone from its epithelial cells?
Answer:
Thymosin
Question:
Which cytokine is responsible for the growth and maturation of B cells?
Answer:
,Interleukin-4 (IL-4)
Question:
Which of the following is NOT a primary target of T cells?
A. Virus-infected cells
B. Cancer cells
C. Transplanted tissue
D. Toxins
Answer:
D. Toxins
Question:
Which molecule is a key component of cytotoxic T cells?
Answer:
CD8
Question:
Which immunoglobulin binds complement?
Answer:
IgG
Question:
Which cytokine is secreted by macrophages?
Answer:
Interleukin-1 (IL-1)
Question:
The tuberculosis skin test is an example of what type of immune response?
Answer:
Delayed hypersensitivity (Type IV)
Question:
Which autoantibody is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus?
Answer:
,Antinuclear antibodies (ANA)
Question:
Which condition is associated with B-cell deficiency?
Answer:
Bruton agammaglobulinemia (X-linked agammaglobulinemia)
4. Hematology & Vascular
Question:
Which genetic mutations predispose a patient to deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
Answer:
Factor V Leiden mutation and Prothrombin gene mutation (G20210A)
Question:
Which of the following are common findings in left-sided heart failure?
Answer:
Dyspnea, crackles, oliguria, frothy sputum, displaced apical impulse
Question:
Which findings are associated with right-sided heart failure?
Answer:
Jugular venous distention, dependent edema, weight gain, hepatomegaly
5. Renal Disorders
Question:
All of the following electrolyte abnormalities are common in chronic renal
failure EXCEPT:
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hyperphosphatemia
C. Hypophosphatemia
D. Metabolic acidosis
Answer:
C. Hypophosphatemia
, Question:
A 78-year-old male presents with fatigue, bladder distention, BUN 88 mg/dL,
and creatinine 2.8 mg/dL. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Answer:
Postrenal azotemia
Question:
A 68-year-old woman with heart failure presents with hypotension, S3 heart
sound, crackles, BUN 58 mg/dL, and creatinine 2.4 mg/dL. What is the most
likely diagnosis?
Answer:
Prerenal azotemia
Question:
Which patient is most likely to require initiation of dialysis for chronic kidney
disease?
Answer:
A 64-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes and GFR of 28 mL/min
Question:
In acute blood loss with hypotension, renal blood flow is primarily regulated by
what mechanism?
Answer:
Increased sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity
Question:
A patient with sepsis has a significant rise in serum creatinine. What is the
most likely cause?
Answer:
Prerenal kidney damage
Question:
Which patient is at greatest risk for nephrolithiasis?
Answer:
