ANTHROPOLOGY 1000 EXAM 2 DR.
BERK QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+ 2026
Taxonomy - ANS assign and organize organisms to categories based on their relatedness or
resemblance
Homology - ANS similarities used to assign organisms to the same taxon
Analogy - ANS common traits due to similar environmental pressures
Convergent Evolution - ANS Two different species evolve similar traits but did not come from
a common ancestor. EX: bats and birds
Primate Family Tree - ANS Strepsirrhines/haplorrhines
New World/Old World Monkeys
Apes
Primate Tendencies - ANS 1. Grasping Ability
2. Reliance on Sight over Smell
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
1
,3. Reliance on Hand over Nose
4. Brain Complexity
5. Parental Investment
6. Sociality
Strepsirrhines - ANS Our most distantly related primate. Relatively small with a small brain.
Nocturnal. Solitary
Haplorrhines - ANS Diurnal. Gregarious and more social. A larger primate than prosimians.
New World Monkeys - ANS Prehensile tail. Arboreal (tree-dwelling). Nasal Morphology.
Mainly in South America
Old World Monkeys - ANS Terrestrial. Greater degree of sexual dimorphism. Located in Africa
and South Asia.
Ape Species - ANS Gibbons, Orangutans, Gorillas, Chimpanzees, Bonobos
Sexual Dimorphism - ANS noticeable difference between male and female
Orangutans - ANS -Diet: varied diet of fruit, insects, bark, leaves
-Locomotion: more arboreal and climbs trees
-Social arrangements: Males forage alone, females and young stay together, also marked sexual
dimorphism
Gorillas - ANS -Diet: vegetation rich diet in bulk
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
2
, -Locomotion: terrestrial (do not spend time in trees)
-Social arrangement: groups of around 20, lives in Africa, marked sexual dimorphism
Chimpanzees - ANS -Diet: prefers fruit, omnivorous
-Locomotion: lighter weight so more arboreal
-Social arrangement: smaller degree of sexual dimorphism, communities of up to 50 chimps
Similarities (between humans and apes) - ANS 1. Learning
2. Tool Use
3. Hunting
4. Symbolic Commutation
Differences (between humans and apes) - ANS 1. Share Food
2. Plan, Carry out complex, multistage tasks
3. Spoken Language
4. Classify others as kin of various types and interact w them for life
Primate Tool Use - ANS Termite fishing by Chimpanzees
Jane Goodall's Wild Chimpanzees - ANS Discovered that Chimps make tools, eat and hunt for
meat, and have similar social behavior to humans. Completely transformed our understanding
of chimps
Bonobos - ANS -Diet: omnivorous, like chimps
-Locomotion: arboreal
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
BERK QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+ 2026
Taxonomy - ANS assign and organize organisms to categories based on their relatedness or
resemblance
Homology - ANS similarities used to assign organisms to the same taxon
Analogy - ANS common traits due to similar environmental pressures
Convergent Evolution - ANS Two different species evolve similar traits but did not come from
a common ancestor. EX: bats and birds
Primate Family Tree - ANS Strepsirrhines/haplorrhines
New World/Old World Monkeys
Apes
Primate Tendencies - ANS 1. Grasping Ability
2. Reliance on Sight over Smell
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
1
,3. Reliance on Hand over Nose
4. Brain Complexity
5. Parental Investment
6. Sociality
Strepsirrhines - ANS Our most distantly related primate. Relatively small with a small brain.
Nocturnal. Solitary
Haplorrhines - ANS Diurnal. Gregarious and more social. A larger primate than prosimians.
New World Monkeys - ANS Prehensile tail. Arboreal (tree-dwelling). Nasal Morphology.
Mainly in South America
Old World Monkeys - ANS Terrestrial. Greater degree of sexual dimorphism. Located in Africa
and South Asia.
Ape Species - ANS Gibbons, Orangutans, Gorillas, Chimpanzees, Bonobos
Sexual Dimorphism - ANS noticeable difference between male and female
Orangutans - ANS -Diet: varied diet of fruit, insects, bark, leaves
-Locomotion: more arboreal and climbs trees
-Social arrangements: Males forage alone, females and young stay together, also marked sexual
dimorphism
Gorillas - ANS -Diet: vegetation rich diet in bulk
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
2
, -Locomotion: terrestrial (do not spend time in trees)
-Social arrangement: groups of around 20, lives in Africa, marked sexual dimorphism
Chimpanzees - ANS -Diet: prefers fruit, omnivorous
-Locomotion: lighter weight so more arboreal
-Social arrangement: smaller degree of sexual dimorphism, communities of up to 50 chimps
Similarities (between humans and apes) - ANS 1. Learning
2. Tool Use
3. Hunting
4. Symbolic Commutation
Differences (between humans and apes) - ANS 1. Share Food
2. Plan, Carry out complex, multistage tasks
3. Spoken Language
4. Classify others as kin of various types and interact w them for life
Primate Tool Use - ANS Termite fishing by Chimpanzees
Jane Goodall's Wild Chimpanzees - ANS Discovered that Chimps make tools, eat and hunt for
meat, and have similar social behavior to humans. Completely transformed our understanding
of chimps
Bonobos - ANS -Diet: omnivorous, like chimps
-Locomotion: arboreal
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
