ANSC 3270 MIDTERM 1 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
2026
What is a stressor? - ANS something that disrupts homeostasis in an organism and elicits a
stress response
What is a stress response - ANS involves activation of multiple physiological systems during
perceived danger
How does a stress response manifest - ANS as a fight, flight or freeze response
What is short-term stress response designed to do - ANS enhance survival of an organisms by
restoring physiological homeostasis
How is a stress sensory input relayed to the brain (3) - ANS through neural transmitters,
endocrine hormones and immune cytokines
How is variation in stress response determined by (3) and how are they regulated -
ANS determined by genetics, environmental factors, and gene-by-environment interactions.
Regulated by epigenetics mechanisms
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
1
,What is a resilient animal to stress - ANS they are able to resist, cope, or completely recover
from perceived danger
What happened if an animal is sensitized to a stressor - ANS can lead to hyper-
responsiveness to the same stressor or other stressors during subsequent exposure
What are 3 examples of physical stressors - ANS Heat, cold, climate change
What is an example of a chemical stressor - ANS mycotoxins
What is an example of a biological stressor (4) - ANS bacteria, fungi, virus, parasite
infectious stressor
What is an example of a physiological stressor - ANS weaning
What was found to be the most infectious time of the year for the haemonchus contortus in
european sheep? Why? - ANS Jul, Aug, Sept. The parasite can grow in the growing grass,
which the sheep eat, and get infected from
What is Q0 - ANS Potential infection pressure
How does CO2 relate to infection pressure - ANS believed that as CO2 increases, so does the
infection pressure
The time of day regulates what 2 viruses in mice - ANS Herpes and influenza
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
2
, How does a viral infection worsen in the body - ANS when circadian rhythm is abolished by
disruption of a key circadian clock gene
What is the key circadian clock gene - ANS BMAL 1
How does BMAL 1 change in humans during the year - ANS blood concentration decreases in
the winter, and can be correlated to the increased risk of infection during the winter
What is the most critical component to animal management in regards to stressors -
ANS matching animals to their environment. Miss-match can lead to stress and may increase
risk of disease
What is the most appropriate breed for a dog in an apartment - ANS Cavalier King Charles
Spaniel
what is the best dairy breed if you want to increase dairy production in Brazil -
ANS Holstein/Gir cross
What breed would you use to increase resistance to gastrointestinal parasites in sheep? -
ANS Gulf Coast
What fish species grows well in warm water - ANS tilapia
What are the 2 different stress axes - ANS 1. sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM)
2. hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-cortex (HPA)
What is the difference between activation times of SAM and HPA - ANS SAM activates within
seconds, and HPA is delayed to minutes and peaks within hours
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
2026
What is a stressor? - ANS something that disrupts homeostasis in an organism and elicits a
stress response
What is a stress response - ANS involves activation of multiple physiological systems during
perceived danger
How does a stress response manifest - ANS as a fight, flight or freeze response
What is short-term stress response designed to do - ANS enhance survival of an organisms by
restoring physiological homeostasis
How is a stress sensory input relayed to the brain (3) - ANS through neural transmitters,
endocrine hormones and immune cytokines
How is variation in stress response determined by (3) and how are they regulated -
ANS determined by genetics, environmental factors, and gene-by-environment interactions.
Regulated by epigenetics mechanisms
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
1
,What is a resilient animal to stress - ANS they are able to resist, cope, or completely recover
from perceived danger
What happened if an animal is sensitized to a stressor - ANS can lead to hyper-
responsiveness to the same stressor or other stressors during subsequent exposure
What are 3 examples of physical stressors - ANS Heat, cold, climate change
What is an example of a chemical stressor - ANS mycotoxins
What is an example of a biological stressor (4) - ANS bacteria, fungi, virus, parasite
infectious stressor
What is an example of a physiological stressor - ANS weaning
What was found to be the most infectious time of the year for the haemonchus contortus in
european sheep? Why? - ANS Jul, Aug, Sept. The parasite can grow in the growing grass,
which the sheep eat, and get infected from
What is Q0 - ANS Potential infection pressure
How does CO2 relate to infection pressure - ANS believed that as CO2 increases, so does the
infection pressure
The time of day regulates what 2 viruses in mice - ANS Herpes and influenza
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
2
, How does a viral infection worsen in the body - ANS when circadian rhythm is abolished by
disruption of a key circadian clock gene
What is the key circadian clock gene - ANS BMAL 1
How does BMAL 1 change in humans during the year - ANS blood concentration decreases in
the winter, and can be correlated to the increased risk of infection during the winter
What is the most critical component to animal management in regards to stressors -
ANS matching animals to their environment. Miss-match can lead to stress and may increase
risk of disease
What is the most appropriate breed for a dog in an apartment - ANS Cavalier King Charles
Spaniel
what is the best dairy breed if you want to increase dairy production in Brazil -
ANS Holstein/Gir cross
What breed would you use to increase resistance to gastrointestinal parasites in sheep? -
ANS Gulf Coast
What fish species grows well in warm water - ANS tilapia
What are the 2 different stress axes - ANS 1. sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM)
2. hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-cortex (HPA)
What is the difference between activation times of SAM and HPA - ANS SAM activates within
seconds, and HPA is delayed to minutes and peaks within hours
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
