UMKC PHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
2026
Physiology is the study of the functions of a living organism. it involves complex processes that
depend on interaction between widely separated... - ANS cells, tissues and organs
levels of organization - ANS atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism
cells respond to _____ in their ______ environment - ANS signals, local
endocrine system function - ANS Regulation and coordination of many activities in the body,
including growth, metabolism, reproduction, blood pressure, water and electrolyte balance, and
others
nervous system function - ANS regulation and coordination of many activities in the body;
detection of and response to changes in the internal and external environments; states of
consciousness; learning; memory; emotion
extracellular fluid is made of - ANS plasma and interstitial fluid
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
1
,Na+ ICF and ECF composition - ANS ECF: 145
ICF: 15
K+ ICF and ECF composition - ANS ECF: 5
ICF: 150
Ca2+ ICF and ECF composition - ANS ECF: 1
ICF: 0.0001
Cl- ICF and ECF composition - ANS ECF: 100
ICF: 7
Glucose ICF and ECF composition - ANS ECF: 5.6
ICF: 1
what is homeostasis - ANS the mechanism by which organisms maintain a relatively constant
steady state of the internal environment
negative feedback deviation from set point - ANS 1. stress
2. deviation from set point
3. negative feedback corrective action
4. return toward set point
repeat
homeostasis on the local level - ANS restricted to one tissue space
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
2
, utilizes paracrines and autocrines
homeostasis on the systemic level - ANS involves entire body
utilizes nervous system and endocrine system
paracrine signaling - ANS Signal released from a cell has an effect on neighboring cells.
autocrine signaling - ANS the target cell is also the secreting cell
hormone signaling - ANS molecules are secreted into the blood stream and stimulate cells in
another tissue or organ a distance from the source
neurotransmitter signaling - ANS neuron or effector cell in close proximity to site of
neurotransmitter release
homeostatic process (7 steps) - ANS stimulus -> reflex receptor -> afferent pathway ->
integrating center -> efferent pathway -> effector -> effector response
reflex receptor - ANS detects changes in substance
threshold stimulus
can be individual cells, clusters of cells, molecules
afferent pathway - ANS carries info from reflex receptors to integrating center
NERVOUS SYSTEM REFLEXES ONLY
sensory neurons
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
2026
Physiology is the study of the functions of a living organism. it involves complex processes that
depend on interaction between widely separated... - ANS cells, tissues and organs
levels of organization - ANS atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism
cells respond to _____ in their ______ environment - ANS signals, local
endocrine system function - ANS Regulation and coordination of many activities in the body,
including growth, metabolism, reproduction, blood pressure, water and electrolyte balance, and
others
nervous system function - ANS regulation and coordination of many activities in the body;
detection of and response to changes in the internal and external environments; states of
consciousness; learning; memory; emotion
extracellular fluid is made of - ANS plasma and interstitial fluid
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
1
,Na+ ICF and ECF composition - ANS ECF: 145
ICF: 15
K+ ICF and ECF composition - ANS ECF: 5
ICF: 150
Ca2+ ICF and ECF composition - ANS ECF: 1
ICF: 0.0001
Cl- ICF and ECF composition - ANS ECF: 100
ICF: 7
Glucose ICF and ECF composition - ANS ECF: 5.6
ICF: 1
what is homeostasis - ANS the mechanism by which organisms maintain a relatively constant
steady state of the internal environment
negative feedback deviation from set point - ANS 1. stress
2. deviation from set point
3. negative feedback corrective action
4. return toward set point
repeat
homeostasis on the local level - ANS restricted to one tissue space
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
2
, utilizes paracrines and autocrines
homeostasis on the systemic level - ANS involves entire body
utilizes nervous system and endocrine system
paracrine signaling - ANS Signal released from a cell has an effect on neighboring cells.
autocrine signaling - ANS the target cell is also the secreting cell
hormone signaling - ANS molecules are secreted into the blood stream and stimulate cells in
another tissue or organ a distance from the source
neurotransmitter signaling - ANS neuron or effector cell in close proximity to site of
neurotransmitter release
homeostatic process (7 steps) - ANS stimulus -> reflex receptor -> afferent pathway ->
integrating center -> efferent pathway -> effector -> effector response
reflex receptor - ANS detects changes in substance
threshold stimulus
can be individual cells, clusters of cells, molecules
afferent pathway - ANS carries info from reflex receptors to integrating center
NERVOUS SYSTEM REFLEXES ONLY
sensory neurons
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
