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UPDATE 2026
George has cardiovascular disease (CVD), is 64 years old, has a total
cholesterol of 280 mg/dL, has a systolic blood pressure (BP) of 158, and is
being treated for hypertension. You are doing a Framingham Risk Assessment
on him. Which assessment factor would give him the highest number of points
on the scale?
a. His age
b. His cholesterol level
c. His systolic BP
d. The fact that he is on antihypertensive medication - ANSWER-b. His
cholesterol level
Which pain characteristic is usually indicative of cardiac pathology?
a. Fleeting
b. Moving
c. Diffuse
d. Localized - ANSWER-c. Diffuse
,What percentage of patients with angina pectoris will have simultaneous
dyspnea, caused by transient increase in pulmonary venous pressures that
accompany ventricular stiffening during an episode of myocardial ischemia?
a. About 20%
b. About 30%
c. About 50%
d. Almost all - ANSWER-b. About 30%
Nitroglycerine (NTG) is given for a patient having ischemic chest pain. One
tablet or one spray should be used under the tongue every 5 minutes for three
doses. What should be done if the pain has not been relieved after three doses?
a. 911 should be called, and the patient should be transported immediately to the
emergency department (ED).
b. One more dose of NTG may be tried.
c. The person should be given two aspirin to chew.
d. A portable defibrillator should be located to ascertain the cardiac rhythm. -
ANSWER-a. 911 should be called, and the patient should be transported
immediately to the emergency department (ED).
For the best therapeutic effect after a myocardial infarction (MI), thrombolytics
should be adminis-tered within the first 3 hours (ideally 30 minutes) of
presentation of symptoms. Studies have shown that thrombolytic therapy,
however, can be of benefit up to how many hours after the initial presentation of
symptoms of MI?
a. 6 hours
b. 8 hours
c. 10 hours
d. 12 hours - ANSWER-d. 12 hours
,When teaching patients post myocardial infarction (MI) about their
nitroglycerine tablets, the clinician should stress that the tablets should remain
in the light-resistant bottle in which they are pack-aged and not be put in
another pill box or remain in areas that are or could become warm and hu-mid.
Once opened, the bottle must be dated and discarded after how many months?
a. 1 month
b. 3 months
c. 6 months
d. As long as they are kept in this special bottle, they will last forever. -
ANSWER-c. 6 months
There are four stages of heart failure classified as A to D that describe the
evolution and progression of disease. Patients in which stage have refractory
symptoms of heart failure at rest despite medical therapy, are hospitalized, or
require specialized interventions or hospice care?
a. Stage A
b. Stage B
c. Stage C
d. Stage D - ANSWER-d. Stage D
Which of the following is abundant in the heart and rapidly rises in the
bloodstream in the presence of heart failure which makes it a good diagnostic
test?
a. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
b. C-reactive protein (CRP)
c. Serum albumin
, d. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) - ANSWER-a. B-type natriuretic
peptide (BNP)
Jason, aged 62, has obstructive sleep apnea. What do you think is one of his
contributing factors?
a. He is a recovering alcoholic of 6 years.
b. His collar size is 17 inches.
c. He is the only person in his family who has this.
d. He is extremely thin. - ANSWER-b. His collar size is 17 inches.
A patient is seen in the clinic with a chief complaint of hematuria. Which of the
following data should be collected in order to make a differential diagnosis?
a. "Do you have a history of liver disease?"
b. "What medications are you currently taking?"
c. "Have you noticed swelling in your ankles?"
d. All of the above - ANSWER-b. "What medications are you currently taking?"
The result of the patient's 24-hour urine for protein was 4.2 g/day. The clinician
should take which of the following actions?
a. Repeat the test.
b. Refer to a nephrologist.
c. Measure the serum protein.
d. Obtain a blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. - ANSWER-b. Refer to a
nephrologist.