NURS 405 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026
Research Article Sections - Answers The two main sections where research findings are presented in a
research article are Results and Discussion.
p-value - Answers The statistical concept that reflects the probability that the study results occurred
by chance.
Statistical Significance p-value - Answers A p-value less than or equal to 0.05 indicates statistical
significance.
Confidence Interval (CI) - Answers A confidence interval indicates the level of confidence that results
apply to a larger population.
t-test - Answers A statistical test used to evaluate differences between two group means.
Pearson Correlation Test - Answers A test that evaluates the relationship between two metrical
variables.
Chi-square Test - Answers A test used to examine relationships between categorical variables.
Tables and Figures Purpose - Answers The main purpose of including tables and figures in the results
section is to summarize and visually present key data.
Discussion Section - Answers The section of a research article that interprets the results and identifies
limitations.
Wide Confidence Interval - Answers A wide confidence interval typically suggests greater uncertainty
and less precision in results.
Discussion Section Recommendations - Answers The discussion section of a research article includes
recommendations for clinical practice.
p-value Interpretation - Answers A p-value greater than 0.05 does not indicate strong statistical
significance.
Results Section Reporting - Answers The results section should report both statistically significant and
non-significant findings.
Confidence Interval Generalizability - Answers A 95% confidence interval means the results are likely
generalizable to the population.
Chi-square Tests Applicability - Answers Chi-square tests are not appropriate for examining
relationships between continuous variables.
Mean Definition - Answers The mean describes the average of a set of data points.
Study Reliability - Answers The reliability of a study refers to how consistent and stable the results are
across repetitions.
Critical Appraisal Purpose - Answers The main purpose of a critical appraisal in quantitative research is
to evaluate the strength and quality of the study.
Internal Validity - Answers Internal validity refers to how well the study controls extraneous variables
and establishes cause-effect.
Threats to Internal Validity - Answers Selection bias and confounding variables threaten internal
validity.
Selection bias - Answers A systematic error that occurs when certain individuals are more likely to be
selected for a study than others, affecting the generalizability of the results.
Confounding variables - Answers Factors other than the independent variable that may affect the
dependent variable, potentially leading to erroneous conclusions.
Instrument reliability - Answers The degree to which an assessment tool produces stable and
consistent results over repeated trials.
Lack of tables and figures - Answers The absence of visual data representation that can hinder the
understanding and interpretation of research findings.
External validity - Answers The extent to which study results can be generalized to other populations
or settings.
Threat to external validity - Answers Factors that limit the ability to generalize study findings to
broader contexts.
Single blinding - Answers A study design where the participant is unaware of their group assignment
to reduce bias.
Double blinding - Answers A study design where neither the participant nor the researcher knows the
group assignments to minimize bias.
Methods section - Answers The part of a research study that describes the data collection methods
used.
Research Article Sections - Answers The two main sections where research findings are presented in a
research article are Results and Discussion.
p-value - Answers The statistical concept that reflects the probability that the study results occurred
by chance.
Statistical Significance p-value - Answers A p-value less than or equal to 0.05 indicates statistical
significance.
Confidence Interval (CI) - Answers A confidence interval indicates the level of confidence that results
apply to a larger population.
t-test - Answers A statistical test used to evaluate differences between two group means.
Pearson Correlation Test - Answers A test that evaluates the relationship between two metrical
variables.
Chi-square Test - Answers A test used to examine relationships between categorical variables.
Tables and Figures Purpose - Answers The main purpose of including tables and figures in the results
section is to summarize and visually present key data.
Discussion Section - Answers The section of a research article that interprets the results and identifies
limitations.
Wide Confidence Interval - Answers A wide confidence interval typically suggests greater uncertainty
and less precision in results.
Discussion Section Recommendations - Answers The discussion section of a research article includes
recommendations for clinical practice.
p-value Interpretation - Answers A p-value greater than 0.05 does not indicate strong statistical
significance.
Results Section Reporting - Answers The results section should report both statistically significant and
non-significant findings.
Confidence Interval Generalizability - Answers A 95% confidence interval means the results are likely
generalizable to the population.
Chi-square Tests Applicability - Answers Chi-square tests are not appropriate for examining
relationships between continuous variables.
Mean Definition - Answers The mean describes the average of a set of data points.
Study Reliability - Answers The reliability of a study refers to how consistent and stable the results are
across repetitions.
Critical Appraisal Purpose - Answers The main purpose of a critical appraisal in quantitative research is
to evaluate the strength and quality of the study.
Internal Validity - Answers Internal validity refers to how well the study controls extraneous variables
and establishes cause-effect.
Threats to Internal Validity - Answers Selection bias and confounding variables threaten internal
validity.
Selection bias - Answers A systematic error that occurs when certain individuals are more likely to be
selected for a study than others, affecting the generalizability of the results.
Confounding variables - Answers Factors other than the independent variable that may affect the
dependent variable, potentially leading to erroneous conclusions.
Instrument reliability - Answers The degree to which an assessment tool produces stable and
consistent results over repeated trials.
Lack of tables and figures - Answers The absence of visual data representation that can hinder the
understanding and interpretation of research findings.
External validity - Answers The extent to which study results can be generalized to other populations
or settings.
Threat to external validity - Answers Factors that limit the ability to generalize study findings to
broader contexts.
Single blinding - Answers A study design where the participant is unaware of their group assignment
to reduce bias.
Double blinding - Answers A study design where neither the participant nor the researcher knows the
group assignments to minimize bias.
Methods section - Answers The part of a research study that describes the data collection methods
used.
