(1) What steps will you take to manage the litter during field visit?(July 23)
Ans. (i) During a field visit, we must ensure that we do not throw litter out of the window while
travelling and also we do not throw any trash or litter around us.
(ii) We must use the dustbins for throwing empty packets of snacks, empty water bottles, left-
over food items, etc.
(iii) Also one must try to keep the surroundings clean by segregating wet and dry waste.
(iv) We can also avoid usage of plastic bags and instead, can make use of jute or cloth bags.
Following discipline is very important during a field visit.
(2) Brazil is called the 'coffee pot of the world'.
Ans. (i) Brazil ranks first in the world in the terms of production of coffee.
(ii) It produces nearly 40% of the total coffee production in the world.
(iii) It is the largest exporter of coffee.
Therefore, Brazil is called the 'coffee pot of the world'.
(2) Brazil is known as the country having third longest land border.
Ans. (i) Brazil has the world's third longest land border, after China and Russia.
(ii) It shares its boundaries with all South American countries, except Chile and Ecuador, totalling
16,885 Kilometers.
(iii) Brazil has borders with 10 different countries, which are Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, French
Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay and Venezuela.
(iv) Hence, Brazil is called the country having third longest land borders.
(3) What problems did Brazil and India face after independence?
, Ans. (i) India was under the British rule for almost one and a half centuries and it got its
independence in the year 1947.
(ii) It faced several problems like three wars, famine situations in various parts and similar issues
after independence.
(iii) Brazil gained its independence in 1822 after more than three centuries of Portuguese rule.
(iv). From 1930 to 1985, for more than a half century, it was under a populist military government
and it faced global financial difficulties in the late 20th century.
Thus, both India and Brazil faced many problems post-independence.
(2) How are Brazil and India different from each other in terms of location?
Ans. (i) India is located in the northern hemisphere of the earth whereas some part of Brazil lies
in the northern hemisphere and most of it lies in the southern hemisphere.
(ii) India entirely lies in the eastern hemisphere whereas, Brazil lies in the western hemisphere.
(iii) India lies in the continent of Asia whereas Brazil lies in the continent of South America.
(iv) India lies in the southern part of the continent of Asia whereas Brazil lies in the northern part
of South American continent.
(4) There are no west flowing rivers in Brazil.
Ans. (i) Many rivers originating from the terminal portion of the Brazilian highlands flow
northwards to meet the Amazon river and finally terminate in the Atlantic Ocean.
(ii) Sao Francisco River flows 1000 kms towards the north and then turns east to join the Atlantie
Ocean.
(iii) The rivers Parana, Paraguay and Uruguay originating from the southern part of Brazilian
highlands flow southwest and enter Argentina
(iv) The Amazon river, originating from the Andes mountain in the west flows eastwards to meet
the Atlantic Ocean.
Ans. (i) During a field visit, we must ensure that we do not throw litter out of the window while
travelling and also we do not throw any trash or litter around us.
(ii) We must use the dustbins for throwing empty packets of snacks, empty water bottles, left-
over food items, etc.
(iii) Also one must try to keep the surroundings clean by segregating wet and dry waste.
(iv) We can also avoid usage of plastic bags and instead, can make use of jute or cloth bags.
Following discipline is very important during a field visit.
(2) Brazil is called the 'coffee pot of the world'.
Ans. (i) Brazil ranks first in the world in the terms of production of coffee.
(ii) It produces nearly 40% of the total coffee production in the world.
(iii) It is the largest exporter of coffee.
Therefore, Brazil is called the 'coffee pot of the world'.
(2) Brazil is known as the country having third longest land border.
Ans. (i) Brazil has the world's third longest land border, after China and Russia.
(ii) It shares its boundaries with all South American countries, except Chile and Ecuador, totalling
16,885 Kilometers.
(iii) Brazil has borders with 10 different countries, which are Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, French
Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay and Venezuela.
(iv) Hence, Brazil is called the country having third longest land borders.
(3) What problems did Brazil and India face after independence?
, Ans. (i) India was under the British rule for almost one and a half centuries and it got its
independence in the year 1947.
(ii) It faced several problems like three wars, famine situations in various parts and similar issues
after independence.
(iii) Brazil gained its independence in 1822 after more than three centuries of Portuguese rule.
(iv). From 1930 to 1985, for more than a half century, it was under a populist military government
and it faced global financial difficulties in the late 20th century.
Thus, both India and Brazil faced many problems post-independence.
(2) How are Brazil and India different from each other in terms of location?
Ans. (i) India is located in the northern hemisphere of the earth whereas some part of Brazil lies
in the northern hemisphere and most of it lies in the southern hemisphere.
(ii) India entirely lies in the eastern hemisphere whereas, Brazil lies in the western hemisphere.
(iii) India lies in the continent of Asia whereas Brazil lies in the continent of South America.
(iv) India lies in the southern part of the continent of Asia whereas Brazil lies in the northern part
of South American continent.
(4) There are no west flowing rivers in Brazil.
Ans. (i) Many rivers originating from the terminal portion of the Brazilian highlands flow
northwards to meet the Amazon river and finally terminate in the Atlantic Ocean.
(ii) Sao Francisco River flows 1000 kms towards the north and then turns east to join the Atlantie
Ocean.
(iii) The rivers Parana, Paraguay and Uruguay originating from the southern part of Brazilian
highlands flow southwest and enter Argentina
(iv) The Amazon river, originating from the Andes mountain in the west flows eastwards to meet
the Atlantic Ocean.
