Page | 1
NURS 444 FINAL EXAM 2026 LATEST
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS| ACE
YOUR GRADES.
What do we normally screen for in a newborn - correct answer --
Hearing
- Phenylktonuria (inherited dx that causes phenylalanin to build up
-> brain damage)
- Congenital hypothyroidism
- Galactosemia (cannot convert galactose to glucose)
- Hemoglobinopathies (abonormal production or structure of hgb
molecules)
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (adrenal glands not working
properly)
Types of heat loss - correct answer -- Evaporation: by being wet
via wet diaper or wet from bath
- Conduction: contact with cold objects (example scale)
- Convection: draft come from open doors, A/C, air currents
- Heat loss by radiation: when infant is near cold surfaces
, Page | 2
Shunts: 2 kinds, what are they? - correct answer -ductus
venous, foramen ovale, and ductus arteriosus
Ductus venous - correct answer -Shunts blood away from liver
→ inferior vena cava
Formane ovale - correct answer -Opening between right/left atria
so blood bypasses lungs
Ductus arteriosus - correct answer -Carries blood from
pulmonary artery to aorta, bypssing the lungs
Fail to close → PTA steroids to close
Nonshivering thermogenesis - correct answer -newborns rarely
shiver, they use *brown fat* to generate heat
Brown fat locations - correct answer -Neck, axillae, kidneys,
adrenals, sternum
, Page | 3
Blood is warmed by... - correct answer -circullating through
brown fat
Which group of babies have less brown fat and harder time
thermoregulating? - correct answer -premies and IUGR babies
Cold stress - correct answer -Increases need for oxygen, less
surfactant produced, results in hypoxia and hypoglycemia
Effects of cold stress - correct answer -- Increasing metabolism
needs O2 and glucose
- Hypoxia as O2 is used up
- Results in decreased surfactant
Hyperthermia: how does it affect O2 and vessels? - correct
answer -- Elevated temperatures require increased need for O2
and glucose
- Vasodilation = fluid loss
, Page | 4
Polycythemia - correct answer -A disorder characterized by an
abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood
Risks include jaundice and hyperbilirubinemia
Calorie needs for babies:
1. Breast feeding
2. Formula fed - correct answer -1. 85-100 kcal/kg/day
2. 100-110kcal/kg/day
Colostrum - correct answer -a specialized form of milk that
delivers essential nutrients and antibodies in a form that the
newborn can digest
Colostrum is high and low in... - correct answer -high: protein,
vitamins, minerals
Low: carbs, lactose
NURS 444 FINAL EXAM 2026 LATEST
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS| ACE
YOUR GRADES.
What do we normally screen for in a newborn - correct answer --
Hearing
- Phenylktonuria (inherited dx that causes phenylalanin to build up
-> brain damage)
- Congenital hypothyroidism
- Galactosemia (cannot convert galactose to glucose)
- Hemoglobinopathies (abonormal production or structure of hgb
molecules)
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (adrenal glands not working
properly)
Types of heat loss - correct answer -- Evaporation: by being wet
via wet diaper or wet from bath
- Conduction: contact with cold objects (example scale)
- Convection: draft come from open doors, A/C, air currents
- Heat loss by radiation: when infant is near cold surfaces
, Page | 2
Shunts: 2 kinds, what are they? - correct answer -ductus
venous, foramen ovale, and ductus arteriosus
Ductus venous - correct answer -Shunts blood away from liver
→ inferior vena cava
Formane ovale - correct answer -Opening between right/left atria
so blood bypasses lungs
Ductus arteriosus - correct answer -Carries blood from
pulmonary artery to aorta, bypssing the lungs
Fail to close → PTA steroids to close
Nonshivering thermogenesis - correct answer -newborns rarely
shiver, they use *brown fat* to generate heat
Brown fat locations - correct answer -Neck, axillae, kidneys,
adrenals, sternum
, Page | 3
Blood is warmed by... - correct answer -circullating through
brown fat
Which group of babies have less brown fat and harder time
thermoregulating? - correct answer -premies and IUGR babies
Cold stress - correct answer -Increases need for oxygen, less
surfactant produced, results in hypoxia and hypoglycemia
Effects of cold stress - correct answer -- Increasing metabolism
needs O2 and glucose
- Hypoxia as O2 is used up
- Results in decreased surfactant
Hyperthermia: how does it affect O2 and vessels? - correct
answer -- Elevated temperatures require increased need for O2
and glucose
- Vasodilation = fluid loss
, Page | 4
Polycythemia - correct answer -A disorder characterized by an
abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood
Risks include jaundice and hyperbilirubinemia
Calorie needs for babies:
1. Breast feeding
2. Formula fed - correct answer -1. 85-100 kcal/kg/day
2. 100-110kcal/kg/day
Colostrum - correct answer -a specialized form of milk that
delivers essential nutrients and antibodies in a form that the
newborn can digest
Colostrum is high and low in... - correct answer -high: protein,
vitamins, minerals
Low: carbs, lactose
