Comprehensive Overview of Hematology,
Cardiovascular, and Lymphatic Systems:
Blood Composition, Red and White Blood
Cells, Platelets, Plasma, Hematologic
Disorders, Blood Typing, Circulation, Heart
Anatomy and Physiology, Cardiac Cycle,
Blood Pressure, Pulse, Blood Vessels,
Lymphatic Structure and Function, Immunity,
Lymph Nodes, B and T Lymphocytes,
Immunological Memory, Specificity, and
Autoimmune Responses Exam Questions
Verified and Provided with A+ Graded
Rationales Latest Updated 2026
neutrophil
most numerous leukocyte
eosinophil; basophil; neutrophil
granulocytes (3)
red blood cell
also called an erythrocyte; anucleate formed element
monocyte; neutrophil
actively phagocytic leukocytes
monocyte; lymphocyte
agranulocytes
megakaryocyte
ancestral cell of platelets
,eosinophil
number rises during parasite infections
basophil
releases histamine; promotes inflammation
lymphocyte
many formed in lymphoid tissue
red blood cell
transports oxygen
plasma
primarily water, noncellular; the fluid matrix of blood
monocyte
increases in number during prolonged infections
eosinophil; basophil; monocyte; neutrophil; lymphocyte
the five types of white blood cells
sugar (e.g., glucose), amino acids, lipids (fatty acids), vitamins
List four classes of nutrients normally found in plasma.
oxygen, carbon dioxide (nitrogen)
Name two gases.
Viscous and sticky; straw colored
Describe the consistency and color of the plasma you observed in the laboratory.
100-120 days. When the RBC's ATP reserves have been exhausted, the membrane begins to
fragment. Without DNA to direct mRNA (therefore protein) synthesis, needed enzymes cannot
be made.
What is the average life span of a red blood cell? How does its anucleate condition affect this
life span?
Large, red-staining cytoplasmic granules; figure 8 or bilobed nucleus; 1-4% of WBC.
, From memory, describe the structural characteristics of each of the following blood cell types as
accurately as possible, and
note the percentage of each in the total white blood cell population.
eosinophils:
Pale pink cytoplasm with fine granules; nucleus is multilobed and stains deep purple; 40-70% of
WBC.
From memory, describe the structural characteristics of each of the following blood cell types as
accurately as possible, and
note the percentage of each in the total white blood cell population.
neutrophils:
Small cell with sparse pale blue cytoplasm and dark purple-staining spherical nucleus, 20-45% of
WBC.
From memory, describe the structural characteristics of each of the following blood cell types as
accurately as possible, and
note the percentage of each in the total white blood cell population.
lymphocytes:
Sparse dark blue cytoplasmic granules that may obscure the large U-shaped nucleus which
stains dark blue;
0.5% or less of WBC.
From memory, describe the structural characteristics of each of the following blood cell types as
accurately as possible, and
note the percentage of each in the total white blood cell population.
basophils:
Abundant gray-blue cytoplasm, dark blue-purple nucleus (often kidney shaped); 4-8% of WBC.
From memory, describe the structural characteristics of each of the following blood cell types as
accurately as possible, and
note the percentage of each in the total white blood cell population.
monocytes:
leukocytosis
abnormal increase in the number of WBCs
polycythemia
abnormal increase in the number of RBCs
Cardiovascular, and Lymphatic Systems:
Blood Composition, Red and White Blood
Cells, Platelets, Plasma, Hematologic
Disorders, Blood Typing, Circulation, Heart
Anatomy and Physiology, Cardiac Cycle,
Blood Pressure, Pulse, Blood Vessels,
Lymphatic Structure and Function, Immunity,
Lymph Nodes, B and T Lymphocytes,
Immunological Memory, Specificity, and
Autoimmune Responses Exam Questions
Verified and Provided with A+ Graded
Rationales Latest Updated 2026
neutrophil
most numerous leukocyte
eosinophil; basophil; neutrophil
granulocytes (3)
red blood cell
also called an erythrocyte; anucleate formed element
monocyte; neutrophil
actively phagocytic leukocytes
monocyte; lymphocyte
agranulocytes
megakaryocyte
ancestral cell of platelets
,eosinophil
number rises during parasite infections
basophil
releases histamine; promotes inflammation
lymphocyte
many formed in lymphoid tissue
red blood cell
transports oxygen
plasma
primarily water, noncellular; the fluid matrix of blood
monocyte
increases in number during prolonged infections
eosinophil; basophil; monocyte; neutrophil; lymphocyte
the five types of white blood cells
sugar (e.g., glucose), amino acids, lipids (fatty acids), vitamins
List four classes of nutrients normally found in plasma.
oxygen, carbon dioxide (nitrogen)
Name two gases.
Viscous and sticky; straw colored
Describe the consistency and color of the plasma you observed in the laboratory.
100-120 days. When the RBC's ATP reserves have been exhausted, the membrane begins to
fragment. Without DNA to direct mRNA (therefore protein) synthesis, needed enzymes cannot
be made.
What is the average life span of a red blood cell? How does its anucleate condition affect this
life span?
Large, red-staining cytoplasmic granules; figure 8 or bilobed nucleus; 1-4% of WBC.
, From memory, describe the structural characteristics of each of the following blood cell types as
accurately as possible, and
note the percentage of each in the total white blood cell population.
eosinophils:
Pale pink cytoplasm with fine granules; nucleus is multilobed and stains deep purple; 40-70% of
WBC.
From memory, describe the structural characteristics of each of the following blood cell types as
accurately as possible, and
note the percentage of each in the total white blood cell population.
neutrophils:
Small cell with sparse pale blue cytoplasm and dark purple-staining spherical nucleus, 20-45% of
WBC.
From memory, describe the structural characteristics of each of the following blood cell types as
accurately as possible, and
note the percentage of each in the total white blood cell population.
lymphocytes:
Sparse dark blue cytoplasmic granules that may obscure the large U-shaped nucleus which
stains dark blue;
0.5% or less of WBC.
From memory, describe the structural characteristics of each of the following blood cell types as
accurately as possible, and
note the percentage of each in the total white blood cell population.
basophils:
Abundant gray-blue cytoplasm, dark blue-purple nucleus (often kidney shaped); 4-8% of WBC.
From memory, describe the structural characteristics of each of the following blood cell types as
accurately as possible, and
note the percentage of each in the total white blood cell population.
monocytes:
leukocytosis
abnormal increase in the number of WBCs
polycythemia
abnormal increase in the number of RBCs
