Test Bank for Advanced Assessment: Interpreting Findings and Formulating Differential Diagnoses 5th Edition Goolsby (Chapters 1-22 Complete)

TEST BANK FOR ADVANCED ASSESSMENT INTERPRETING FIND
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INGS AND FORMULATING DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES 5th EDITI
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ON GOOLSBY CHAPTERS 1 - 22 | COMPLETE
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,  Chapter1. Assessment and Clinical Decision Making: An Overview
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Multiplef Choice
Identifyf thef choicef thatf bestf completesf thef statementf orf accuratefanswer:->sf thef question.

1. Whichftypefoffclinicalfdecision-makingfisfmostfreliable?
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick

2. Whichfofftheffollowingfisffalse?fTofobtainfadequatefhistory,fhealth-carefprovidersfmustfbe:
A. Methodicalfandfsystematic
B. Attentiveftofthefpatient’sfverbalfandfnonverbalflanguage
C. Ableftofaccuratelyfinterpretfthefpatient’sfresponses
D. Adeptfatfreadingfintofthefpatient’sfstatements

3. Essentialfpartsfoffafhealthfhistoryfincludefallfofftheffollowingfexcept:
A. Chieffcomplaint
B. Historyfoffthefpresentfillness
C. Currentfvitalfsigns
D. Allfoffthefabovefarefessentialfhistoryfcomponents

4. Whichfofftheffollowingfisffalse?fWhilefperformingfthefphysicalf examination,fthefexaminerfmustfbefablefto:
A. Differentiatefbetweenfnormalf andfabnormalf findings
B. Recallfknowledgefoffafrangefoffconditionsfandftheirfassociatedfsignsf andfsymptoms
C. Recognizefhowfcertainfconditionsfaffectfthefresponseftofotherfconditions
D. Foreseefunpredictablef findings

5. Theffollowingfisfthefleastfreliablefsourcefoffinformationfforfdiagnosticfstatistics:
A. Evidence-basedf investigations
B. Primaryreportsfoffresearch
C. Estimationfbasedfonfafprovider’sfexperience
D. Publishedf meta-analyses

6. Theffollowingfcanfbefusedftofassistfinfsoundfclinicalfdecision-making:
A. Algorithmpublishedfinf afpeer-reviewedfjournalf article
B. Clinicalf practicef guidelines
C. Evidence-basedfresearch
D. Allfoffthefabove

7. Iffafdiagnosticfstudyfhasfhighfsensitivity,f thisfindicatesfa:
A. Highfpercentagefoffpersonsfwithfthefgivenfconditionfwillfhavefanfabnormalfresult
B. Lowfpercentagefoffpersonsfwithfthefgivenfconditionfwillfhavefanfabnormalfresult
C. Lowflikelihoodfoffnormalfresultfinfpersonsfwithoutfafgivenfcondition
D. Nonefoffthefabove

8. Iffafdiagnosticfstudyfhasfhighfspecificity,f thisfindicatesfa:
A. Lowfpercentagefoffhealthyfindividualsf willfshowfafnormalfresult
B. Highfpercentagefoffhealthyfindividualsf willfshowfafnormalfresult
C. Highfpercentagefoffindividualsfwithfafdisorderfwillfshowfafnormalfresult
D. Lowfpercentagefoffindividualsfwithfafdisorderfwillfshowfanfabnormalfresult

9. Alikelihoodfratiofabovef1findicatesfthatfafdiagnosticftestfshowingfa:
A. Positivefresultfisfstronglyfassociatedf withfthefsickness
B. Negativefresultfisfstronglyfassociatedf withfabsencef offthefsickness
C. Positivefresultfisfweaklyfassociatedfwithfthefsickness
D. Negativefresultfisfweaklyfassociatedf withfabsencefoffthefsickness

, 10. Whichfofftheffollowingfclinicalfreasoningftoolsfisfdefinedfasfevidence-basedfresourcefbasedfonfmathematicalf modelingf




A. Clinicalfpracticefguideline
B. Clinicalfdecisionfrule
C. Clinicalf algorithm
Chapterf1:fClinicalfreasoning,fdifferentialfdiagnosis,fevidence-basedfpractice,fandfsymptomfana
Accuratefanswer:->fSection

MULTIPLEfCHOICE

1. ACCURATEfANSWER:->: B
Croskerryf(2009)fdescribesftwofmajorftypesfoffclinicalfdiagnosticfdecision-making:fintuitivefandfanalytical.fIntuitivefdecision-
fmakingf(similarftofAugenblinkfdecision-
making)fisfbasedfonfthefexperiencefandfintuitionfoffthefclinicianfandfisflessfreliablefandpairedfwithffairlyfcommonferrors.fInfcontrast,fana
lyticalfdecision-makingfisfbasedfonfcarefulfconsiderationfandfhasfgreaterfreliabilityfwithfrareferrors.

POINTS: 1
2. ACCURATEfANSWER:->: D
Tofobtainfadequatefhistory,fprovidersfmustfbefwellforganized,fattentiveftofthefpatient’sfverbalfandfnonverbalflanguage,fandfabletofac
curatelyfinterpretfthefpatient’sfresponsesftofquestions.fRatherfthanfreadingfintofthefpatient’sfstatements,ftheyfclarifyfanyfareasfoffun
certainty.

POINTS: 1
3. ACCURATEfANSWER:->: C
Vitalfsignsfarefpartfoffthefphysicalfexaminationfportionfoffpatientfassessment,fnotfpartfoffthefhealthfhistory.

POINTS: 1
4. ACCURATEfANSWER:->: D
Whilefperformingfthefphysicalfexamination,fthefexaminerfmustfbefableftofdifferentiatefbetweenfnormalfandfabnormalffindings,frecallfkno
wledgefoffafrangefoffconditions,fincludingftheirfassociatedfsignsfandfsymptoms,frecognizefhowfcertainfconditionsfaffectthefresponse
ftofotherfconditions,fandfdistinguishfthefrelevancefoffvaried fabnormalffindings.



POINTS: 1
5. ACCURATEfANSWER:->: C
Sourcesfforfdiagnosticfstatisticsfincludeftextbooks,fprimaryfreportsfoffresearch,fandfpublishedfmeta-
analyses.fAnotherfsourcefoffstatistics,fthefonefthatfhasfbeenfmostfwidelyusedfandfavailablef forfapplicationftofthefreasoningfprocess,fisfthe
festimationfbasedfonafprovider’sfexperience,falthoughfthesefarefrarelyfaccurate.fOverfthefpastfdecade,fthefavailabilityfoffevidencefonfwhichf
tofbasefclinicalfreasoningfisfimproving,fandftherefisfanfincreasingfexpectationfthatfclinicalfreasoningfbefbasedfonfscientificfevidence.
Evidence-basedfstatisticsfarefalsofincreasinglyfbeingfusedftofdevelopfresourcesftof facilitatef clinicalf decision-making.

POINTS: 1
6. ACCURATEfANSWER:->: D
Tofassistfinfclinicalfdecision-making,fafnumberfoffevidence-
basedfresourcesfhavefbeenfdevelopedftofassistfthefclinician.fResources,fsuchfasfalgorithmsfandfclinicalfpracticefguidelines,fassistfinf
clinicalfreasoningfwhenfproperlyfapplied.

POINTS: 1
7. ACCURATEfANSWER:->: A
Thefsensitivityfoffafdiagnosticfstudyfisfthefpercentagefoffindividualsfwithftheftargetfconditionfwhofshowfanfabnormal,forfpositive,result.fAfhi
ghfsensitivityfindicatesfthatfafgreaterfpercentagefoffpersonsfwithfthefgivenfconditionfwillfhavefanfabnormalfresult.

POINTS: 1
8. ACCURATEfANSWER:->: B
Thefspecificityfoffafdiagnosticfstudyfisfthefpercentagefoffnormal,fhealthyfindividualsfwhofhavefafnormalfresult.fThefgreaterfthefsp
ecificity,fthefgreaterfthefpercentagefoffindividualsfwhofwillfhavefnegative,forfnormal,fresultsfifftheyfdofnotfhaveftheftargetfcondi
tion.

POINTS: 1
9. ACCURATEfANSWER:->: A
Theflikelihoodfratiofisfthefprobabilityfthatfafpositiveftestfresultfwillfbefassociatedfwithfafpersonfwhofhasftheftargetfconditionfandfafneg
ativefresultfwillfbefassociatedfwithfafhealthyfperson.fAflikelihoodfratiofabovef1findicatesfthatfafpositivefresultfisfassociatedfwithfthefsicknes
s;faflikelihoodfratioflessfthanf1findicatesfthatfafnegativefresultfisfassociatedfwithfanfabsencefoffthefsickness.

, POINTS: 1
10. ACCURATEfANSWER:->: B
Clinicalfdecisionf(orfprediction)frulesfprovidefanotherfsupportfforfclinicalfreasoning.fClinicalfdecisionfrulesfarefevidence-
basedfresourcesfthatfprovidefprobabilisticfstatementsfregardingftheflikelihoodfthatfafconditionfexistsfiffcertainfvariablesfarefmetf wit
hfregardftofthefprognosisfoffpatientsfwithfspecificffindings.fDecisionfrulesfusefmathematicalfmodelsfandfarefspecificftofcertainfs
ituations,fsettings,fand/orfpatientfcharacteristics.

POINTS: 1