PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+ 2026
When an aide asks the nurse about the purpose of the inflammatory process, how should the
nurse respond?
a. To lyse cell membranes of microorganisms.
b. To create immunity against subsequent tissue injury.
c. To prevent infection of the injured tissue.
d. To provide specific responses toward antigens. - ANS c
The phase of the cell cycle during which the centromeres split and the sister chromatids are
pulled apart is referred to as:
a. anaphase.
b. prophase.
c. metaphase.
d. telophase. - ANS a
While reading a textbook, a student reads the term apoptosis. The student recalls that
apoptosis is a condition in which cells program themselves to:
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1
,a. regenerate.
b. die.
c. atrophy.
d. age. - ANS b
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which of
the following?
a. XXY
b. XYY
c. XX
d. XY - ANS a
A 30-year-old male was involved in a motor vehicle accident. The glass from the shattered
window cut his face and neck. The scar, however, was raised and extended beyond the original
boundaries of the wound. This pattern of scarring is caused by impaired:
a. nutritional status.
b. contraction.
c. epithelialization.
d. collagen synthesis. - ANS d
When planning care for a cardiac patient, the nurse knows that in response to an increased
workload, cardiac myocardial cells will experience hypertrophy which is an:
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
2
,a. increase in size.
b. increase in excitability.
c. decrease in number.
d. decrease in length. - ANS a
The nurse identified each of the following clinical manifestations of inflammation. Which would
the nurse classify as a local response? (select all that apply)
a. Swelling
b. Fever
c. Heat
d. Redness
e. Pain - ANS a,c,d,e
Which finding would support the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis?
a. Hyperventilation
b. Pneumonia
c. An increase in noncarbonic acids
d. Vomiting - ANS b
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's best response?
a. Increased paternal age.
b. Fetal exposure to mutagens in the uterus.
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3
, c. Family history of Down syndrome.
d. Pregnancy in women over age 35. - ANS d
For a patient with respiratory acidosis, chronic compensation by the body will include:
a. protein buffering.
b. kidney excretion of H+.
c. kidney excretion of HCO3.
d. prolonged exhalations to blow off CO2. - ANS b
Cystic fibrosis is caused by what gene abnormality?
a. X-linked dominant
b. Autosomal dominant
c. Autosomal recessive
d. X-linked recessive - ANS c
A 10-year-old male is brought to the emergency room (ER) incoherent and semiconscious. CT
scan reveals that he is suffering from cerebral edema. This type of edema is referred to as:
a. pitting edema.
b. lymphedema.
c. generalized edema.
d. localized edema. - ANS d
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
4
REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+ 2026
When an aide asks the nurse about the purpose of the inflammatory process, how should the
nurse respond?
a. To lyse cell membranes of microorganisms.
b. To create immunity against subsequent tissue injury.
c. To prevent infection of the injured tissue.
d. To provide specific responses toward antigens. - ANS c
The phase of the cell cycle during which the centromeres split and the sister chromatids are
pulled apart is referred to as:
a. anaphase.
b. prophase.
c. metaphase.
d. telophase. - ANS a
While reading a textbook, a student reads the term apoptosis. The student recalls that
apoptosis is a condition in which cells program themselves to:
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
1
,a. regenerate.
b. die.
c. atrophy.
d. age. - ANS b
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which of
the following?
a. XXY
b. XYY
c. XX
d. XY - ANS a
A 30-year-old male was involved in a motor vehicle accident. The glass from the shattered
window cut his face and neck. The scar, however, was raised and extended beyond the original
boundaries of the wound. This pattern of scarring is caused by impaired:
a. nutritional status.
b. contraction.
c. epithelialization.
d. collagen synthesis. - ANS d
When planning care for a cardiac patient, the nurse knows that in response to an increased
workload, cardiac myocardial cells will experience hypertrophy which is an:
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
2
,a. increase in size.
b. increase in excitability.
c. decrease in number.
d. decrease in length. - ANS a
The nurse identified each of the following clinical manifestations of inflammation. Which would
the nurse classify as a local response? (select all that apply)
a. Swelling
b. Fever
c. Heat
d. Redness
e. Pain - ANS a,c,d,e
Which finding would support the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis?
a. Hyperventilation
b. Pneumonia
c. An increase in noncarbonic acids
d. Vomiting - ANS b
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's best response?
a. Increased paternal age.
b. Fetal exposure to mutagens in the uterus.
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
, c. Family history of Down syndrome.
d. Pregnancy in women over age 35. - ANS d
For a patient with respiratory acidosis, chronic compensation by the body will include:
a. protein buffering.
b. kidney excretion of H+.
c. kidney excretion of HCO3.
d. prolonged exhalations to blow off CO2. - ANS b
Cystic fibrosis is caused by what gene abnormality?
a. X-linked dominant
b. Autosomal dominant
c. Autosomal recessive
d. X-linked recessive - ANS c
A 10-year-old male is brought to the emergency room (ER) incoherent and semiconscious. CT
scan reveals that he is suffering from cerebral edema. This type of edema is referred to as:
a. pitting edema.
b. lymphedema.
c. generalized edema.
d. localized edema. - ANS d
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
4
