Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names
Centre Number Candidate Number
Pearson Edexcel Level 1/ Level 2 GCSE (9–1)
Thursday 12 June 2025
Afternoon (Time: 1 hour 45 minutes) Paper
reference 1AS0/02
Astronomy
PAPER 2: Telescopic Astronomy
You must have: Total Marks
Formulae and Data Sheet (enclosed)
Calculator, ruler
Instructions
•• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
•• Answer all questions.
Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
•• Calculators may be used.
Any diagrams may NOT be accurately drawn, unless otherwise indicated.
• You must show all your working out with your answer clearly identified
at the end of your solution.
Information
•• The total mark for this paper is 100.
The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
•• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
Try to answer every question.
• Check your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over
P78692A
©2025 Pearson Education Ltd.
Y:1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/
*P78692A0140*
, Formulae and Data Sheet
Formulae
DO
DO NOT
NOT WRITE
Equation of Time = Apparent Solar Time (AST) – Mean Solar Time (MST)
WRITE IN
T2
Kepler’s 3rd law: = a constant
r3
IN THIS
THIS AREA
fo
Magnification of telescope: magnification =
fe
AREA DO
Distance modulus formula: M = m + 5 – 5 log d
λ λ0 v
Redshift formula:
λ0 c
Hubble’s law: v = H0 d
DO NOT
Data
NOT WRITE
WRITE IN
Mass of Earth 6.0 × 1024 kg
Mean diameter of Earth 13 000 km
IN THIS
THIS AREA DO
Mean diameter of Moon 3500 km
AREA
Mean diameter of Sun 1.4 × 106 km
One Astronomical Unit (AU) 1.5 × 108 km
Mean Earth to Moon distance 380 000 km
One light year (l.y.) 9.5 × 1012 km DO NOT
One parsec (pc) 3.1 × 1013 km = 3.26 l.y.
NOT WRITE
Sidereal day of Earth 23 h 56 min
WRITE IN
Synodic day of Earth 24 h 00 min
IN THIS
Temperature of solar photosphere 5800 K
THIS AREA
Hubble Constant 68 km/s/Mpc
AREA
Speed of light in vacuum 3.0 × 108 m/s
2
*P78692A0240*
*P71933RA0244*
, DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO AREA DO
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
Sidereal Mean
Type of Mean distance Diameter Mass/ Ring
Name period/ Earth temperature Moons
body from Sun/AU /1000 km Earth mass systems
year /°C
Mercury planet 0.38 0.24 170 4.9 0.055 no none
Venus planet 0.72 0.62 470 12.1 0.82 no none
Earth planet 1.0 1.0 15 12.8 1.00 no 1: the Moon
2 small moons: Deimos and
Mars planet 1.5 1.9 –50 6.9 0.11 no
Phobos
Ceres dwarf planet 2.8 4.6 –105 0.95 1.5 × 10–4 no none
4 major moons: Ganymede,
Jupiter planet 5.2 11.9 –150 143 318 yes Callisto, Europa, Io
>60 others
5 major moons: including
Saturn planet 9.5 29.5 –180 121 95 yes Titan, Iapetus
>55 others
5 major moons: including
Uranus planet 19.1 84.0 –210 51 15 yes Titania, Oberon
>20 others
1 major: Triton
*P78692A0340*
Neptune planet 30.0 165 –220 50 17 yes
*P71933RA0344*
>12 others
1 major: Charon
Pluto dwarf planet 39.5 248 –230 2.4 2.2 × 10–3 no
>4 other moons
Haumea dwarf planet 43.1 283 –241 1.4 6.7 × 10–4 no 2
Eris dwarf planet 67.8 557 –230 2.3 2.8 × 10–3 no at least 1
3
Turn over
, Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .
1 (a) A student used a telescope to make sketches of some planets.
The student wrote a description of each planet.
Identify each planet from its description and sketch.
(i) A small, bright disc with a clearly visible ring system, as shown in Figure 1.
(1)
Figure 1
A Jupiter
B Mars
C Neptune
D Saturn
4
*P78692A0440*
Candidate surname Other names
Centre Number Candidate Number
Pearson Edexcel Level 1/ Level 2 GCSE (9–1)
Thursday 12 June 2025
Afternoon (Time: 1 hour 45 minutes) Paper
reference 1AS0/02
Astronomy
PAPER 2: Telescopic Astronomy
You must have: Total Marks
Formulae and Data Sheet (enclosed)
Calculator, ruler
Instructions
•• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
•• Answer all questions.
Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
•• Calculators may be used.
Any diagrams may NOT be accurately drawn, unless otherwise indicated.
• You must show all your working out with your answer clearly identified
at the end of your solution.
Information
•• The total mark for this paper is 100.
The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
•• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
Try to answer every question.
• Check your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over
P78692A
©2025 Pearson Education Ltd.
Y:1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/
*P78692A0140*
, Formulae and Data Sheet
Formulae
DO
DO NOT
NOT WRITE
Equation of Time = Apparent Solar Time (AST) – Mean Solar Time (MST)
WRITE IN
T2
Kepler’s 3rd law: = a constant
r3
IN THIS
THIS AREA
fo
Magnification of telescope: magnification =
fe
AREA DO
Distance modulus formula: M = m + 5 – 5 log d
λ λ0 v
Redshift formula:
λ0 c
Hubble’s law: v = H0 d
DO NOT
Data
NOT WRITE
WRITE IN
Mass of Earth 6.0 × 1024 kg
Mean diameter of Earth 13 000 km
IN THIS
THIS AREA DO
Mean diameter of Moon 3500 km
AREA
Mean diameter of Sun 1.4 × 106 km
One Astronomical Unit (AU) 1.5 × 108 km
Mean Earth to Moon distance 380 000 km
One light year (l.y.) 9.5 × 1012 km DO NOT
One parsec (pc) 3.1 × 1013 km = 3.26 l.y.
NOT WRITE
Sidereal day of Earth 23 h 56 min
WRITE IN
Synodic day of Earth 24 h 00 min
IN THIS
Temperature of solar photosphere 5800 K
THIS AREA
Hubble Constant 68 km/s/Mpc
AREA
Speed of light in vacuum 3.0 × 108 m/s
2
*P78692A0240*
*P71933RA0244*
, DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO AREA DO
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
Sidereal Mean
Type of Mean distance Diameter Mass/ Ring
Name period/ Earth temperature Moons
body from Sun/AU /1000 km Earth mass systems
year /°C
Mercury planet 0.38 0.24 170 4.9 0.055 no none
Venus planet 0.72 0.62 470 12.1 0.82 no none
Earth planet 1.0 1.0 15 12.8 1.00 no 1: the Moon
2 small moons: Deimos and
Mars planet 1.5 1.9 –50 6.9 0.11 no
Phobos
Ceres dwarf planet 2.8 4.6 –105 0.95 1.5 × 10–4 no none
4 major moons: Ganymede,
Jupiter planet 5.2 11.9 –150 143 318 yes Callisto, Europa, Io
>60 others
5 major moons: including
Saturn planet 9.5 29.5 –180 121 95 yes Titan, Iapetus
>55 others
5 major moons: including
Uranus planet 19.1 84.0 –210 51 15 yes Titania, Oberon
>20 others
1 major: Triton
*P78692A0340*
Neptune planet 30.0 165 –220 50 17 yes
*P71933RA0344*
>12 others
1 major: Charon
Pluto dwarf planet 39.5 248 –230 2.4 2.2 × 10–3 no
>4 other moons
Haumea dwarf planet 43.1 283 –241 1.4 6.7 × 10–4 no 2
Eris dwarf planet 67.8 557 –230 2.3 2.8 × 10–3 no at least 1
3
Turn over
, Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .
1 (a) A student used a telescope to make sketches of some planets.
The student wrote a description of each planet.
Identify each planet from its description and sketch.
(i) A small, bright disc with a clearly visible ring system, as shown in Figure 1.
(1)
Figure 1
A Jupiter
B Mars
C Neptune
D Saturn
4
*P78692A0440*
