HLTH 501 Biostatistics - Final review || with Complete Solutions.
Which of the following types of graphics would be most useful in demonstrating the frequency
of a given outcome as it relates to an ordinal variable? correct answers histogram
57694122
According to the data, which measure, is a better measure of dispersion? correct answers
standard deviation
Misclassification bias often occurs in case-control studies. correct answers True
The incidence rate of X disease in patients receiving the new medication is calculated by: correct
answers patients who are receiving the new medication and have X disease / total follow-up
(years) of the patients who are receiving the new medication ( times (x) 1000 to make a whole
number if necessary) (a/b if set up in correct way)
A design that is a very detailed report of the specific features of a particular participant or case is
known as? correct answers case report
The Cumulative incidence is computed as the number of persons who develop a disease during a
specified period over the number of persons examined at baseline correct answers false
1,000 people are enrolled in a 10-year cohort study. At the start of the study, 100 have diagnosed
CVD. Over the course of the study, 80 people who were free of CVD at baseline develop CVD.
What is the cumulative incidence at 10 years? correct answers 0.089 = 80/900: the number of
new events or cases of disease divided by the total number of individuals in the population at risk
for a specific time interval.
Biostatistics is integral to the field of epidemiology, which is defined as study of health and
illness in human populations, patterns of health or disease, and the factors that influence these
patterns. correct answers True
The best numerical summaries for dichotomous, ordinal, and categorical variables are relative
frequencies. correct answers true
Incidence of disease is the proportion of individuals with the condition (disease) at a single point
in time correct answers false
The following data were collected as part of a study of coffee consumption among graduate
students. The following reflect cups per day consumed: 3, 4, 6, 8 ,2, 1, 0, and 2. The standard
deviation is approximately 4. correct answers false: use excel to find stdev().
Assume a new measure of Intelligence Quotient (or IQ) has been developed. The mean IQ for
the population is 100 and the standard deviation is 15. The standard deviation indicates the
average distance an individual data value is from the mean is about 15 IQ points. correct answers
true
, A nested case-control study is a specific type of case-control study that is usually designed from
a cohort study. correct answers true
An investigator reviewed the medical records of 200 children seen for care at Boston Medical
Center in the past year who were between the ages 8 and 12 and identified 40 children with
asthma. He also identified 40 children of the same ages who were free of asthma. Each child and
their family were interviewed to assess whether there might be an association between certain
environmental factors such as exposure to second-hand smoke. This study is an example of a:
correct answers case control study
The term clinical means that the study involves people. correct answers true
The population attributable risk is usually expressed as a percentage and ranges from 0% to
100% correct answers true
Clinical trials are regulated in the United States by the Environmental Protection Agency. correct
answers false
An investigator wants to assess whether hypertension is a risk factor for coronary heart disease.
Electronic medical records at a local hospital will be used to identify 100 patients with coronary
heart disease. Fifty patients who are similar but free of coronary heart disease will also be
selected. Each participant's medical record will be analyzed for smoking history. The type of
study proposed is a Cohort Study. correct answers false
The median of a group of individuals' BMIs whose BMIs are 20.47, 21.92, 23.32, 23.41, 25.7,
and 30.1 is approximately 24.15. correct answers false: can calculate in excel: =MEDIAN()
Which type of study design can assess temporal relationship? correct answers a cohort study
A fungal meningitis outbreak has been traced back to a particular compound pharmacy selling a
specific injectable drug that is suspected to have been contaminated. In the past 4 weeks 15,051
patients were given the medication, and of those patients 72 individuals contracted fungal
meningitis. What is the cumulative incidence for meningitis among those individuals who the
medication was administered to? correct answers cumulative incidence: the number of new
events or cases of disease divided by the total number of individuals in the population at risk for
a specific time interval.
=72/15051 => 0.0048.
Two types of medical devices used for knee replacement are being studied to see if the type of
knee replacement used affects the rate of infection for a specific bacterial infection. The infection
rate for a specific bacterial infection after surgery for device A is 0.0043. The rate for the same
bacterial infection is 0.0121 for device B. How does the risk of developing the bacterial infection
in individuals using device B compare to the risk of developing the bacterial infection in
individuals using device A? correct answers Individuals using device B are 2.814 (.0121/.0043)
times more likely to develop the bacterial infection of interest than individuals using device A.
Which of the following types of graphics would be most useful in demonstrating the frequency
of a given outcome as it relates to an ordinal variable? correct answers histogram
57694122
According to the data, which measure, is a better measure of dispersion? correct answers
standard deviation
Misclassification bias often occurs in case-control studies. correct answers True
The incidence rate of X disease in patients receiving the new medication is calculated by: correct
answers patients who are receiving the new medication and have X disease / total follow-up
(years) of the patients who are receiving the new medication ( times (x) 1000 to make a whole
number if necessary) (a/b if set up in correct way)
A design that is a very detailed report of the specific features of a particular participant or case is
known as? correct answers case report
The Cumulative incidence is computed as the number of persons who develop a disease during a
specified period over the number of persons examined at baseline correct answers false
1,000 people are enrolled in a 10-year cohort study. At the start of the study, 100 have diagnosed
CVD. Over the course of the study, 80 people who were free of CVD at baseline develop CVD.
What is the cumulative incidence at 10 years? correct answers 0.089 = 80/900: the number of
new events or cases of disease divided by the total number of individuals in the population at risk
for a specific time interval.
Biostatistics is integral to the field of epidemiology, which is defined as study of health and
illness in human populations, patterns of health or disease, and the factors that influence these
patterns. correct answers True
The best numerical summaries for dichotomous, ordinal, and categorical variables are relative
frequencies. correct answers true
Incidence of disease is the proportion of individuals with the condition (disease) at a single point
in time correct answers false
The following data were collected as part of a study of coffee consumption among graduate
students. The following reflect cups per day consumed: 3, 4, 6, 8 ,2, 1, 0, and 2. The standard
deviation is approximately 4. correct answers false: use excel to find stdev().
Assume a new measure of Intelligence Quotient (or IQ) has been developed. The mean IQ for
the population is 100 and the standard deviation is 15. The standard deviation indicates the
average distance an individual data value is from the mean is about 15 IQ points. correct answers
true
, A nested case-control study is a specific type of case-control study that is usually designed from
a cohort study. correct answers true
An investigator reviewed the medical records of 200 children seen for care at Boston Medical
Center in the past year who were between the ages 8 and 12 and identified 40 children with
asthma. He also identified 40 children of the same ages who were free of asthma. Each child and
their family were interviewed to assess whether there might be an association between certain
environmental factors such as exposure to second-hand smoke. This study is an example of a:
correct answers case control study
The term clinical means that the study involves people. correct answers true
The population attributable risk is usually expressed as a percentage and ranges from 0% to
100% correct answers true
Clinical trials are regulated in the United States by the Environmental Protection Agency. correct
answers false
An investigator wants to assess whether hypertension is a risk factor for coronary heart disease.
Electronic medical records at a local hospital will be used to identify 100 patients with coronary
heart disease. Fifty patients who are similar but free of coronary heart disease will also be
selected. Each participant's medical record will be analyzed for smoking history. The type of
study proposed is a Cohort Study. correct answers false
The median of a group of individuals' BMIs whose BMIs are 20.47, 21.92, 23.32, 23.41, 25.7,
and 30.1 is approximately 24.15. correct answers false: can calculate in excel: =MEDIAN()
Which type of study design can assess temporal relationship? correct answers a cohort study
A fungal meningitis outbreak has been traced back to a particular compound pharmacy selling a
specific injectable drug that is suspected to have been contaminated. In the past 4 weeks 15,051
patients were given the medication, and of those patients 72 individuals contracted fungal
meningitis. What is the cumulative incidence for meningitis among those individuals who the
medication was administered to? correct answers cumulative incidence: the number of new
events or cases of disease divided by the total number of individuals in the population at risk for
a specific time interval.
=72/15051 => 0.0048.
Two types of medical devices used for knee replacement are being studied to see if the type of
knee replacement used affects the rate of infection for a specific bacterial infection. The infection
rate for a specific bacterial infection after surgery for device A is 0.0043. The rate for the same
bacterial infection is 0.0121 for device B. How does the risk of developing the bacterial infection
in individuals using device B compare to the risk of developing the bacterial infection in
individuals using device A? correct answers Individuals using device B are 2.814 (.0121/.0043)
times more likely to develop the bacterial infection of interest than individuals using device A.
