NIFE Aero Enabling Objectives || A+ Guaranteed.
What is the definition of a vector and how is it used in the fundamentals of aviation? correct
answers A quantity that represents magnitude and direction and is commonly used in aviation to
represent displacement, velocity, acceleration, and force.
What is the definition of density and what how does it affect aviation? correct answers -The total
mass of air particles per unit of volume.
-The distance between particles increases with altitude resulting in fewer particles per unit
volume
-Therefore, density decreases as altitude increases making an aircraft less efficient due to the
lack of air needed to operate the engine and to create thrust and lift.
What is the definition of a moment (m) and how does it relate to aviation? correct answers It is
created when a force is applied at some distance from an axis or fulcrum, and tends to produce
rotation about that point. (M=F x d)
What are the requirements for an aircraft to be in equilibrium flight? correct answers The sum of
all forces and the sum of all the moments around the center of gravity are equal to zero. (An
aircraft in straight and level flight at a constant velocity must have the sum of thrust, drag, lift,
and weight = 0)
What are the requirements for an aircraft to be in trimmed flight? correct answers When there is
no rotation around the CoG
In terms of aviation, describe the relationship between temperature and altitude. correct answers
As altitude increases, temperature decreases at a rate of 2 degrees C per 1000ft until 36,000ft.
This rate of temperature change is called Lapse Rate.
In terms of aviation, describe the relationship between humidity and density. correct answers -As
humidity increases, density decreases due to equal displacement of air molecules by water
molecules.
-Since water molecules have less mass than air molecules, density decreases.
What is the General Gas Law? correct answers -The relationship between air pressure (P),
density (p), and temperature (T) and where R is a constant for any given gas.
-P = pRT
-If pressure remains constant, there is an inverse relationship between density and temperature (If
temp increases, density must decrease and vice versa)
What is Steady Airflow? correct answers -Exists only if at every point in the airflow static
pressure, density, temperature, and velocity remain constant over time.
Explain the continuity equation given cross-sectional area and velocity: correct answers -
A1V1=A2V2
, -The cross-sectional area of the tube is multiplied by the air velocity at any point is equal to the
value of any other point in the streamtube.
-If cross-sectional area decreases on one side of the equation, the velocity must increase on the
same side of the equation so both sides remain equal.
-Thus, velocity and area at any point in the streamtube are inversely related.
Explain Bernoulli's Equation given dynamic pressure, static pressure, and total pressure: correct
answers -PT = Ps + 1/2qV^2
-(Simply explained) Total Pressure(PT) = the sum of Static Pressure(Ps) and Dynamic Pressure
(q)
- For a closed system, total pressure is constant; therefore, an increase in static pressure results in
a decrease in dynamic pressure, and vice versa.
What are the different kinds of airspeeds? correct answers - Indicated Airspeed (IAS)- the actual
instrument indication of dynamic pressure the aircraft is exposed to during flight
- Calibrated Airspeed (CAS)- IAS corrected for instrument/position error
- Equivalent Airspeed (EAS)- CAS corrected for compressibility effects.
- Total Airspeed (TAS) - the actual velocity at which an aircraft moves through an air mass. EAS
corrected for density.
-Ground speed - the aircrafts actual speed over the ground (GS = TAS +/- wind component)
-ICE-TG
What is the chord? correct answers The precise measurement between an airfoils leading and
trailing edges measured along the chordline and will typically vary between the wingtip and the
root.
What is camber and what are the different types of camber? correct answers -The maximum
distance between the mean camber line and the chordline, measured perpendicular to the
chordline.
-Upper Camber- top surface of the airfoil
-Lower Camber- bottom surface of the airfoil
-Mean Camber- locus of points halfway between the upper and lower surfaces from forward to
aft of the airfoil
What is the definition of wingspan? correct answers The length of the wing from wingtip to
wingtip. (not just the wing on one side of the fuselage)
What is the definition of wing area? correct answers The apparent surface area of a wing from
wingtip to wingtip. (more precisely, it is the area within the outline of the wing in the plane of its
chord, including the area within the fuselage, hull, or nacelles)
What is the definition of chord-wise airflow? correct answers Air flowing at right angles to the
leading edge of the airfoil (only flow that accelerates over a wing AKA the only airflow that
produces lift)
What is the definition of a vector and how is it used in the fundamentals of aviation? correct
answers A quantity that represents magnitude and direction and is commonly used in aviation to
represent displacement, velocity, acceleration, and force.
What is the definition of density and what how does it affect aviation? correct answers -The total
mass of air particles per unit of volume.
-The distance between particles increases with altitude resulting in fewer particles per unit
volume
-Therefore, density decreases as altitude increases making an aircraft less efficient due to the
lack of air needed to operate the engine and to create thrust and lift.
What is the definition of a moment (m) and how does it relate to aviation? correct answers It is
created when a force is applied at some distance from an axis or fulcrum, and tends to produce
rotation about that point. (M=F x d)
What are the requirements for an aircraft to be in equilibrium flight? correct answers The sum of
all forces and the sum of all the moments around the center of gravity are equal to zero. (An
aircraft in straight and level flight at a constant velocity must have the sum of thrust, drag, lift,
and weight = 0)
What are the requirements for an aircraft to be in trimmed flight? correct answers When there is
no rotation around the CoG
In terms of aviation, describe the relationship between temperature and altitude. correct answers
As altitude increases, temperature decreases at a rate of 2 degrees C per 1000ft until 36,000ft.
This rate of temperature change is called Lapse Rate.
In terms of aviation, describe the relationship between humidity and density. correct answers -As
humidity increases, density decreases due to equal displacement of air molecules by water
molecules.
-Since water molecules have less mass than air molecules, density decreases.
What is the General Gas Law? correct answers -The relationship between air pressure (P),
density (p), and temperature (T) and where R is a constant for any given gas.
-P = pRT
-If pressure remains constant, there is an inverse relationship between density and temperature (If
temp increases, density must decrease and vice versa)
What is Steady Airflow? correct answers -Exists only if at every point in the airflow static
pressure, density, temperature, and velocity remain constant over time.
Explain the continuity equation given cross-sectional area and velocity: correct answers -
A1V1=A2V2
, -The cross-sectional area of the tube is multiplied by the air velocity at any point is equal to the
value of any other point in the streamtube.
-If cross-sectional area decreases on one side of the equation, the velocity must increase on the
same side of the equation so both sides remain equal.
-Thus, velocity and area at any point in the streamtube are inversely related.
Explain Bernoulli's Equation given dynamic pressure, static pressure, and total pressure: correct
answers -PT = Ps + 1/2qV^2
-(Simply explained) Total Pressure(PT) = the sum of Static Pressure(Ps) and Dynamic Pressure
(q)
- For a closed system, total pressure is constant; therefore, an increase in static pressure results in
a decrease in dynamic pressure, and vice versa.
What are the different kinds of airspeeds? correct answers - Indicated Airspeed (IAS)- the actual
instrument indication of dynamic pressure the aircraft is exposed to during flight
- Calibrated Airspeed (CAS)- IAS corrected for instrument/position error
- Equivalent Airspeed (EAS)- CAS corrected for compressibility effects.
- Total Airspeed (TAS) - the actual velocity at which an aircraft moves through an air mass. EAS
corrected for density.
-Ground speed - the aircrafts actual speed over the ground (GS = TAS +/- wind component)
-ICE-TG
What is the chord? correct answers The precise measurement between an airfoils leading and
trailing edges measured along the chordline and will typically vary between the wingtip and the
root.
What is camber and what are the different types of camber? correct answers -The maximum
distance between the mean camber line and the chordline, measured perpendicular to the
chordline.
-Upper Camber- top surface of the airfoil
-Lower Camber- bottom surface of the airfoil
-Mean Camber- locus of points halfway between the upper and lower surfaces from forward to
aft of the airfoil
What is the definition of wingspan? correct answers The length of the wing from wingtip to
wingtip. (not just the wing on one side of the fuselage)
What is the definition of wing area? correct answers The apparent surface area of a wing from
wingtip to wingtip. (more precisely, it is the area within the outline of the wing in the plane of its
chord, including the area within the fuselage, hull, or nacelles)
What is the definition of chord-wise airflow? correct answers Air flowing at right angles to the
leading edge of the airfoil (only flow that accelerates over a wing AKA the only airflow that
produces lift)
