PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE
ACTUAL TEST PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Structure of Chromosome. Answer:
◉ Gametogenesis. Answer: occurs through the process of meiosis
and produces reproductive cells (sperm and egg) that each contain
23 unpaired chromosomes, which is half the number of
chromosomes necessary to provide the genetic code for a normal
person. To form an embryo, the gametes fuse so that the resulting
cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes (homologous chromosomes),
one from each parent. Further cell divisions occur in the embryo by
the process of mitosis, which requires DNA replication and results in
all cells having the necessary 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes.
◉ homologous chromosomes. Answer: 23 pairs of chromosomes
one from each parent
◉ Meiosis (Procedures Gametes). Answer: process by which haploid
cells are formed from diploid cells pg 140
◉ Genes. Answer: Basic Units of Inheritance
,◉ Genes are composed of. Answer: sequences of deoxyribonucleic
acid (DNA) and proteins (ex. histones)
DNA is a complex molecule that provides the genetic code for every
part of the human body, as well as for reproduction and inheritance.
◉ Shape of DNA. Answer: Double Helix
◉ How many genes do humans have?. Answer: approximately
20,000 to 25,000
◉ DNA 4 nitrogenous bases. Answer: Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine,
Thymine (A,C,G,T)
◉ Steps of Mitosis. Answer: 1. Prophase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase
◉ Steps of Meiosis 1 and 2 are identical with the number after that
phase being I or II. Answer: 1. Prophase I or II
2. Metaphase I or II
3. Anaphase I or II
,4. Telophase I or II
◉ Mitosis. Answer: A four-stage process that creates two identical
cells from one original cell.
You can remember the first letters of each of the stages of meiosis
and mitosis in order by remembering any one of these sentences:
"Perhaps my Aunt Tillie." OR "Passed my anatomy test!" OR "Peter
made a tart." Take your pick!
◉ Prophase (mitosis). Answer: The first and longest stage of mitosis.
In this stage the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles
separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.
◉ Metaphase (mitosis). Answer: The second stage of mitosis. In this
stage the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell and
become connected to the spindle fiber at their centromere.
◉ Anaphase (Mitosis). Answer: The third stage of mitosis. In this
stage the sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes
and are pulled apart.
◉ Telophase (Mitosis). Answer: The fourth and last stage of mitosis.
During this stage the chromosomes gather at opposite ends of the
cell and lose their distinct rod-like shapes. Two new nuclear
, membranes then form around each of the two regions of DNA and
the spindle fibers disappear.
◉ Cytokinesis. Answer: The process that follows the last stage of
mitosis. With two complete copies of the DNA now in two different
regions of one cell, the cell membrane will pinch and divide the
cytoplasm in half. The result is two individual cells that are identical
to the original cell. Each of the two new cells have a complete copy of
the DNA and contain all of the organelles that the original cell had.
◉ Interphase (before mitosis begins). Answer: A period of cell
growth and normal activity. This period comes between mitosis in
the cell cycle. Cells that do not need to replicate will spend their time
in this stage. If a cell does need to divide, it will copy all of it's DNA
while period. This way, the cell has two complete copies of its DNA
before it begins the process of mitosis.
◉ Mitosis vs Meiosis Location (Poem). Answer: Mitosis happens
everywhere, even in my toe, Meiosis only happens in my OH!
◉ Review Cell Funcition Diagram. Answer: We are composed of
many types of cells, each with unique functions that contribute to
the functioning of the body as a whole. New cells are created
continuously to replace dying cells to maintain homeostasis.
ACTUAL TEST PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Structure of Chromosome. Answer:
◉ Gametogenesis. Answer: occurs through the process of meiosis
and produces reproductive cells (sperm and egg) that each contain
23 unpaired chromosomes, which is half the number of
chromosomes necessary to provide the genetic code for a normal
person. To form an embryo, the gametes fuse so that the resulting
cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes (homologous chromosomes),
one from each parent. Further cell divisions occur in the embryo by
the process of mitosis, which requires DNA replication and results in
all cells having the necessary 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes.
◉ homologous chromosomes. Answer: 23 pairs of chromosomes
one from each parent
◉ Meiosis (Procedures Gametes). Answer: process by which haploid
cells are formed from diploid cells pg 140
◉ Genes. Answer: Basic Units of Inheritance
,◉ Genes are composed of. Answer: sequences of deoxyribonucleic
acid (DNA) and proteins (ex. histones)
DNA is a complex molecule that provides the genetic code for every
part of the human body, as well as for reproduction and inheritance.
◉ Shape of DNA. Answer: Double Helix
◉ How many genes do humans have?. Answer: approximately
20,000 to 25,000
◉ DNA 4 nitrogenous bases. Answer: Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine,
Thymine (A,C,G,T)
◉ Steps of Mitosis. Answer: 1. Prophase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase
◉ Steps of Meiosis 1 and 2 are identical with the number after that
phase being I or II. Answer: 1. Prophase I or II
2. Metaphase I or II
3. Anaphase I or II
,4. Telophase I or II
◉ Mitosis. Answer: A four-stage process that creates two identical
cells from one original cell.
You can remember the first letters of each of the stages of meiosis
and mitosis in order by remembering any one of these sentences:
"Perhaps my Aunt Tillie." OR "Passed my anatomy test!" OR "Peter
made a tart." Take your pick!
◉ Prophase (mitosis). Answer: The first and longest stage of mitosis.
In this stage the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles
separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.
◉ Metaphase (mitosis). Answer: The second stage of mitosis. In this
stage the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell and
become connected to the spindle fiber at their centromere.
◉ Anaphase (Mitosis). Answer: The third stage of mitosis. In this
stage the sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes
and are pulled apart.
◉ Telophase (Mitosis). Answer: The fourth and last stage of mitosis.
During this stage the chromosomes gather at opposite ends of the
cell and lose their distinct rod-like shapes. Two new nuclear
, membranes then form around each of the two regions of DNA and
the spindle fibers disappear.
◉ Cytokinesis. Answer: The process that follows the last stage of
mitosis. With two complete copies of the DNA now in two different
regions of one cell, the cell membrane will pinch and divide the
cytoplasm in half. The result is two individual cells that are identical
to the original cell. Each of the two new cells have a complete copy of
the DNA and contain all of the organelles that the original cell had.
◉ Interphase (before mitosis begins). Answer: A period of cell
growth and normal activity. This period comes between mitosis in
the cell cycle. Cells that do not need to replicate will spend their time
in this stage. If a cell does need to divide, it will copy all of it's DNA
while period. This way, the cell has two complete copies of its DNA
before it begins the process of mitosis.
◉ Mitosis vs Meiosis Location (Poem). Answer: Mitosis happens
everywhere, even in my toe, Meiosis only happens in my OH!
◉ Review Cell Funcition Diagram. Answer: We are composed of
many types of cells, each with unique functions that contribute to
the functioning of the body as a whole. New cells are created
continuously to replace dying cells to maintain homeostasis.
