PNR 130 - Exam 2 material UPDATED ACTUAL Questions
and CORRECT Answers
Structures of the respiratory system nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs and pleural membranes
Functions of the respiratory system inhalation, exhalation, transport of gases in the blood, chemical regulation and
respiration, respiration and acid-base balance
Respiratory acidosis = hypoventilation
Respiratory alkalosis = hyperventilation
Vesicular normal breath sounds
adventitious abnormal breath sounds
apnea absence of breathing
Problems in Respiratory Physiology ❖ Primary factors
Airway resistance related to airway diameter, rate of air flow, and speed of gas
flow
➢ Examples: asthma, chromic bronchitis, Emphysema
Lung compliance: Decrease surfactant, fibrosis, edema
Gerontologic consideration: Respiratory *Cartilage in nasal septum increases in length, harden and change airflow
*Alveoli walls are thinner, contain fewer capillaries; decreased gas exchange
*lungs lose elasticity; diminished lung expansion
*Muscle tone, cough reflex, and cilia decrease
*at risk for increased risk for respiratory disease
Nursing Assessment for respiratory system: Health *Upper Respiratory symptoms
Assessment *Lower Respiratory symptoms
*Exposures/smoking
*Current treatments
*family history
Nursing Assessment: Upper Respiratory Tract Do you often have headaches/sinus?
, Nosebleeds?
Do you snore/ sleepy during day?
Voice Changes?
Nursing Assessment: Lower Respiratory Chest pains?
SOB?
Cough? Dry/Productive
What does sputum look like?
New Night sweats/fevers?
Any confusion, light-headed, restless?
Chest surgeries?
Nursing Assessment: Exposures Any allergies? How do you treat?
Do you smoke?
Exposed to 2nd hand smoke? or environmental pollutants
Nursing Assessment: Treatments Do you take any medications/inahlers?
Do you use home oxygen?
Respiratory Inspection *symmetry
*Dyspnea
*use of accessory muscles?
*color (normal / cyanosis )
*Respiratory rate and rhythm
*Chest shape
eupnea normal respiratory rate and rhythm
Hyperventilation Deeper respiration; normal rate
and CORRECT Answers
Structures of the respiratory system nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs and pleural membranes
Functions of the respiratory system inhalation, exhalation, transport of gases in the blood, chemical regulation and
respiration, respiration and acid-base balance
Respiratory acidosis = hypoventilation
Respiratory alkalosis = hyperventilation
Vesicular normal breath sounds
adventitious abnormal breath sounds
apnea absence of breathing
Problems in Respiratory Physiology ❖ Primary factors
Airway resistance related to airway diameter, rate of air flow, and speed of gas
flow
➢ Examples: asthma, chromic bronchitis, Emphysema
Lung compliance: Decrease surfactant, fibrosis, edema
Gerontologic consideration: Respiratory *Cartilage in nasal septum increases in length, harden and change airflow
*Alveoli walls are thinner, contain fewer capillaries; decreased gas exchange
*lungs lose elasticity; diminished lung expansion
*Muscle tone, cough reflex, and cilia decrease
*at risk for increased risk for respiratory disease
Nursing Assessment for respiratory system: Health *Upper Respiratory symptoms
Assessment *Lower Respiratory symptoms
*Exposures/smoking
*Current treatments
*family history
Nursing Assessment: Upper Respiratory Tract Do you often have headaches/sinus?
, Nosebleeds?
Do you snore/ sleepy during day?
Voice Changes?
Nursing Assessment: Lower Respiratory Chest pains?
SOB?
Cough? Dry/Productive
What does sputum look like?
New Night sweats/fevers?
Any confusion, light-headed, restless?
Chest surgeries?
Nursing Assessment: Exposures Any allergies? How do you treat?
Do you smoke?
Exposed to 2nd hand smoke? or environmental pollutants
Nursing Assessment: Treatments Do you take any medications/inahlers?
Do you use home oxygen?
Respiratory Inspection *symmetry
*Dyspnea
*use of accessory muscles?
*color (normal / cyanosis )
*Respiratory rate and rhythm
*Chest shape
eupnea normal respiratory rate and rhythm
Hyperventilation Deeper respiration; normal rate
