NR283 PATHO EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS 2026 RATIONALES A+
GRADE ASSURED LATEST UPDATED
What is the primary function of the SA node in the heart?
A) To slow down the heart rate
B) To act as a gatekeeper for electrical signals
C) To initiate electrical impulses that set the rhythm and rate of the heart; "pacemaker" of the heart
D) To contract and pump blood to the ventricles
C) To initiate electrical impulses that set the rhythm and rate of the heart; "pacemaker" of the heart
,What is the role of the AV node in the cardiac conduction system?
A) To act as the primary pacemaker of the heart
B) To contract and pump blood into the ventricles
C) To slow the electrical signal before it enters the ventricles
D) To prevent the backflow of blood into the atria
C) To slow the electrical signal before it enters the ventricles
Which valves make up the S2 sound?
1. ________________________
2. ________________________
1. Aortic
2. Pulmonic
Which valves make up the S1 sound?
,1. ________________________
2. ________________________
1. Bicuspid/mitral
2. Tricuspid
What is the term used to describe the filling of the ventricles with blood?
A) Afterload
B) Preload
C) Stroke volume
D) Cardiac output
B) Preload
Afterload refers to:
A) The amount of pressure needed to pump blood out of the ventricles; the resistance the left ventricle
must overcome to pump the blood into circulation
B) The amount of blood returning to the heart
C) The volume of blood filling the ventricles before contraction
D) The electrical impulses that set the heart rate
A) The amount of pressure needed to pump blood out of the ventricles; the resistance the left ventricle
must overcome to pump the blood into circulation
, Which formula correctly represents cardiac output (CO)?
A) CO = HR + SV (Stroke Volume)
B) CO = HR - SV (Stroke Volume)
C) CO = HR x SV (Stroke Volume)
D) CO = HR / SV (Stroke Volume)
C) CO = HR x SV (Stroke Volume)
What is the primary difference between atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis?
A) Atherosclerosis refers to the hardening of arteries, while arteriosclerosis involves plaque buildup.
B) Atherosclerosis involves plaque buildup that obstructs blood flow, while arteriosclerosis refers to the
hardening of arteries.
C) Atherosclerosis is a type of arteriosclerosis that affects the veins, while arteriosclerosis affects the
arteries.
D) Atherosclerosis results from high blood pressure, while arteriosclerosis results from high cholesterol
levels.
B) Atherosclerosis involves plaque buildup that obstructs blood flow, while arteriosclerosis refers to the
hardening of arteries.
Which of the following describes bradycardia?
A) HR > 100bpm
B) HR < 60bpm
C) Irregular heart contractions
VERIFIED ANSWERS 2026 RATIONALES A+
GRADE ASSURED LATEST UPDATED
What is the primary function of the SA node in the heart?
A) To slow down the heart rate
B) To act as a gatekeeper for electrical signals
C) To initiate electrical impulses that set the rhythm and rate of the heart; "pacemaker" of the heart
D) To contract and pump blood to the ventricles
C) To initiate electrical impulses that set the rhythm and rate of the heart; "pacemaker" of the heart
,What is the role of the AV node in the cardiac conduction system?
A) To act as the primary pacemaker of the heart
B) To contract and pump blood into the ventricles
C) To slow the electrical signal before it enters the ventricles
D) To prevent the backflow of blood into the atria
C) To slow the electrical signal before it enters the ventricles
Which valves make up the S2 sound?
1. ________________________
2. ________________________
1. Aortic
2. Pulmonic
Which valves make up the S1 sound?
,1. ________________________
2. ________________________
1. Bicuspid/mitral
2. Tricuspid
What is the term used to describe the filling of the ventricles with blood?
A) Afterload
B) Preload
C) Stroke volume
D) Cardiac output
B) Preload
Afterload refers to:
A) The amount of pressure needed to pump blood out of the ventricles; the resistance the left ventricle
must overcome to pump the blood into circulation
B) The amount of blood returning to the heart
C) The volume of blood filling the ventricles before contraction
D) The electrical impulses that set the heart rate
A) The amount of pressure needed to pump blood out of the ventricles; the resistance the left ventricle
must overcome to pump the blood into circulation
, Which formula correctly represents cardiac output (CO)?
A) CO = HR + SV (Stroke Volume)
B) CO = HR - SV (Stroke Volume)
C) CO = HR x SV (Stroke Volume)
D) CO = HR / SV (Stroke Volume)
C) CO = HR x SV (Stroke Volume)
What is the primary difference between atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis?
A) Atherosclerosis refers to the hardening of arteries, while arteriosclerosis involves plaque buildup.
B) Atherosclerosis involves plaque buildup that obstructs blood flow, while arteriosclerosis refers to the
hardening of arteries.
C) Atherosclerosis is a type of arteriosclerosis that affects the veins, while arteriosclerosis affects the
arteries.
D) Atherosclerosis results from high blood pressure, while arteriosclerosis results from high cholesterol
levels.
B) Atherosclerosis involves plaque buildup that obstructs blood flow, while arteriosclerosis refers to the
hardening of arteries.
Which of the following describes bradycardia?
A) HR > 100bpm
B) HR < 60bpm
C) Irregular heart contractions
