[GlobalHealth] Global Health Certification
Exam Guide
**Question 1.** Which term best describes the field that focuses on health issues that
transcend national boundaries and require cooperative actions?
A) International health
B) Public health
C) Global health
D) Tropical medicine
Answer: C
Explanation: Global health explicitly addresses transnational health challenges and emphasizes
equity and collaborative solutions across countries.
**Question 2.** The transition from a predominance of infectious diseases to
non‑communicable diseases as a nation develops is known as the:
A) Demographic transition
B) Epidemiologic transition
C) Nutritional transition
D) Health systems transition
Answer: B
Explanation: The epidemiologic transition describes the shift in disease patterns from
communicable to chronic conditions with socioeconomic development.
**Question 3.** In the Sustainable Development Goals, which target directly addresses
universal health coverage?
A) 3.1 – Reduce maternal mortality
B) 3.8 – Achieve universal health coverage
C) 3.3 – End epidemics of AIDS, TB, malaria, and neglected diseases
D) 3.6 – Reduce road traffic injuries and deaths
Answer: B
, [GlobalHealth] Global Health Certification
Exam Guide
Explanation: SDG target 3.8 explicitly calls for universal health coverage, including financial risk
protection and access to quality health services.
**Question 4.** A health metric that combines years of life lost due to premature mortality and
years lived with disability is:
A) QALY
B) DALY
C) LEB
D) HALE
Answer: B
Explanation: Disability‑Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) sum premature death and disability, providing
a comprehensive burden of disease measure.
**Question 5.** Which of the following is NOT one of the WHO’s six building blocks of health
systems?
A) Service delivery
B) Health workforce
C) Community empowerment
D) Health financing
Answer: C
Explanation: Community empowerment is important but not listed among the six WHO building
blocks (leadership/governance, service delivery, workforce, information systems, medical
products, financing).
**Question 6.** The “One Health” approach primarily aims to:
A) Integrate mental health into primary care
B) Link human, animal, and environmental health
, [GlobalHealth] Global Health Certification
Exam Guide
C) Promote universal health coverage
D) Strengthen health financing mechanisms
Answer: B
Explanation: One Health recognizes the interdependence of human, animal, and ecosystem
health, especially for zoonotic disease prevention.
**Question 7.** Which of the following is a key determinant of health that reflects the
conditions in which people are born, grow, work, and age?
A) Genetic predisposition
B) Social determinants of health
C) Pathogen virulence
D) Health literacy
Answer: B
Explanation: Social determinants of health encompass socioeconomic, cultural, and
environmental factors influencing health outcomes.
**Question 8.** The International Health Regulations (IHR) are primarily designed to:
A) Standardize medical education worldwide
B) Facilitate international trade of pharmaceuticals
C) Prevent the international spread of disease while avoiding unnecessary interference with
travel and trade
D) Provide funding for global health research
Answer: C
Explanation: IHR aim to detect, assess, report, and respond to public health threats that could
cross borders, balancing health security with trade and travel.
, [GlobalHealth] Global Health Certification
Exam Guide
**Question 9.** Which disease is classified among the “Big Three” infectious diseases targeted
by the Global Fund?
A) Dengue fever
B) HIV/AIDS
C) Chikungunya
D) Leishmaniasis
Answer: B
Explanation: The Global Fund focuses on HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria as the three major
infectious disease priorities.
**Question 10.** The “double burden of malnutrition” refers to the coexistence of:
A) Micronutrient deficiency and infectious disease
B) Undernutrition and overweight/obesity within the same population
C) Food insecurity and food waste
D) Protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin toxicity
Answer: B
Explanation: The double burden describes populations experiencing both undernutrition (e.g.,
stunting) and rising rates of overweight/obesity.
**Question 11.** Which of the following best illustrates a structural determinant of health
inequity?
A) Individual smoking behavior
B) Lack of health insurance due to systemic policy
C) Personal diet choices
D) Genetic susceptibility to hypertension
Answer: B
Exam Guide
**Question 1.** Which term best describes the field that focuses on health issues that
transcend national boundaries and require cooperative actions?
A) International health
B) Public health
C) Global health
D) Tropical medicine
Answer: C
Explanation: Global health explicitly addresses transnational health challenges and emphasizes
equity and collaborative solutions across countries.
**Question 2.** The transition from a predominance of infectious diseases to
non‑communicable diseases as a nation develops is known as the:
A) Demographic transition
B) Epidemiologic transition
C) Nutritional transition
D) Health systems transition
Answer: B
Explanation: The epidemiologic transition describes the shift in disease patterns from
communicable to chronic conditions with socioeconomic development.
**Question 3.** In the Sustainable Development Goals, which target directly addresses
universal health coverage?
A) 3.1 – Reduce maternal mortality
B) 3.8 – Achieve universal health coverage
C) 3.3 – End epidemics of AIDS, TB, malaria, and neglected diseases
D) 3.6 – Reduce road traffic injuries and deaths
Answer: B
, [GlobalHealth] Global Health Certification
Exam Guide
Explanation: SDG target 3.8 explicitly calls for universal health coverage, including financial risk
protection and access to quality health services.
**Question 4.** A health metric that combines years of life lost due to premature mortality and
years lived with disability is:
A) QALY
B) DALY
C) LEB
D) HALE
Answer: B
Explanation: Disability‑Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) sum premature death and disability, providing
a comprehensive burden of disease measure.
**Question 5.** Which of the following is NOT one of the WHO’s six building blocks of health
systems?
A) Service delivery
B) Health workforce
C) Community empowerment
D) Health financing
Answer: C
Explanation: Community empowerment is important but not listed among the six WHO building
blocks (leadership/governance, service delivery, workforce, information systems, medical
products, financing).
**Question 6.** The “One Health” approach primarily aims to:
A) Integrate mental health into primary care
B) Link human, animal, and environmental health
, [GlobalHealth] Global Health Certification
Exam Guide
C) Promote universal health coverage
D) Strengthen health financing mechanisms
Answer: B
Explanation: One Health recognizes the interdependence of human, animal, and ecosystem
health, especially for zoonotic disease prevention.
**Question 7.** Which of the following is a key determinant of health that reflects the
conditions in which people are born, grow, work, and age?
A) Genetic predisposition
B) Social determinants of health
C) Pathogen virulence
D) Health literacy
Answer: B
Explanation: Social determinants of health encompass socioeconomic, cultural, and
environmental factors influencing health outcomes.
**Question 8.** The International Health Regulations (IHR) are primarily designed to:
A) Standardize medical education worldwide
B) Facilitate international trade of pharmaceuticals
C) Prevent the international spread of disease while avoiding unnecessary interference with
travel and trade
D) Provide funding for global health research
Answer: C
Explanation: IHR aim to detect, assess, report, and respond to public health threats that could
cross borders, balancing health security with trade and travel.
, [GlobalHealth] Global Health Certification
Exam Guide
**Question 9.** Which disease is classified among the “Big Three” infectious diseases targeted
by the Global Fund?
A) Dengue fever
B) HIV/AIDS
C) Chikungunya
D) Leishmaniasis
Answer: B
Explanation: The Global Fund focuses on HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria as the three major
infectious disease priorities.
**Question 10.** The “double burden of malnutrition” refers to the coexistence of:
A) Micronutrient deficiency and infectious disease
B) Undernutrition and overweight/obesity within the same population
C) Food insecurity and food waste
D) Protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin toxicity
Answer: B
Explanation: The double burden describes populations experiencing both undernutrition (e.g.,
stunting) and rising rates of overweight/obesity.
**Question 11.** Which of the following best illustrates a structural determinant of health
inequity?
A) Individual smoking behavior
B) Lack of health insurance due to systemic policy
C) Personal diet choices
D) Genetic susceptibility to hypertension
Answer: B
