The Earliest Hospitals Established were the e. Melchora Aquino (Tandang Sora) – Nurse the
following: wounded Filipino soldiers and gave them shelter
a. Hospital Real de Manila (1577). It was and food.
established mainly to care for the Spanish King’s
soldiers, but also admitted Spanish civilians. f. Captain Salome – A revolutionary leader in
Founded by Gov. Francisco de Sande Nueva Ecija; provided nursing care to the
wounded when not in combat.
b. San Lazaro Hospital (1578) – built exclusively
for patients with leprosy. Founded by Brother Juan g. Agueda Kahabagan – Revolutionary leader in
Clemente Laguna, also provided nursing services to her
troop.
The Earliest Hospitals Established
a. Hospital de Indio (1586) –Established by the h. Trinidad Tecson – “Ina ng Biac na Bato”,
Franciscan Order; Service was in general stayed in the hospital at Biac na Bato to care for
supported by alms and contribution from the wounded soldier.
charitable persons.
Hospitals and Nursing Schools
b. Hospital de Aguas Santas (1590). Established in 1. Iloilo Mission Hospital School of Nursing
Laguna, near a medicinal spring, Founded by (Iloilo City, 1906)
Brother J. Bautista of the Franciscan Order. It was ran by the Baptist Foreign Mission
Society of America.
c. San Juan de Dios Hospital (1596) Founded by Miss Rose Nicolet, a graduate of New
the Brotherhood de Misericordia and support was England Hospital for woman and children
derived from alms and rents. Rendered general in Boston, Massachusetts, was the first
health service to the public. superintendent.
Miss Flora Ernst, an American nurse,
Nursing During the Philippine Revolution took charge of the school in 1942.
The prominent persons involved in the nursing
works were: 2. St. Paul’s Hospital School of Nursing
a. Josephine Bracken – wife of Jose Rizal. (Manila, 1907)
Installed a field hospital in an estate house in The hospital was established by the
Tejeros. Provided nursing care to the wounded Archbishop of Manila, The Most Reverend
night and day. Jeremiah Harty, under the supervision of
the Sisters of St. Paul de Chartres.
b. Rosa Sevilla De Alvero – converted their house It was located in Intramuros and it
into quarters for the Filipino soldier, during the provided general hospital services.
Philippine-American war that broke out in
1899. 3. Philippine general Hospital School of
Nursing (1907)
c. Dona Hilaria de Aguinaldo – Wife of Emilio In 1907, with the support of the Governor
Aguinaldo; Organized th Filipino Red Cross under General Forbes and the Director of Health
the inspiration of Apolinario Mabini. and among others, she opened classes in
nursing under the auspices of the Bureau of
d. Dona Maria de Aguinaldo- second wife of Education.
Emilio Aguinaldo. Provided nursing care for the Anastacia Giron-Tupas, was the first
Filipino soldier during the revolution. President of Filipino to occupy the position of chief
the Filipino Red Cross branch in Batangas. nurse and superintendent in the
Philippines, succeded her.
,4. St. Luke’s Hospital School of Nursing Each individual has unique characteristics,
(Quezon City, 1907) but certain needs are common to all people.
The Hospital is an Episcopalian Institution. A need is something that is desirable,
It began as a small dispensary in 1903. In useful or necessary.
1907, the school opened with three Filipino Human needs are physiologic and
girls admitted. psychologic conditions that an individual
Mrs. Vitiliana Beltran was the first must meet to achieve a state of health or
Filipino superintendent of nurses. well-being.
5. Mary Johnston Hospital and School of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Basic Human Needs
Nursing (Manila, 1907) Physiologic
It started as a small dispensary on Calle 1. Oxygen
Cervantes (now Avenida) 2. Fluids
It was called Bethany Dispensary and was 3. Nutrition
founded by the Methodist Mission. 4. Body temperature
Miss Librada Javelera was the first Filipino 5. Elimination
director of the school. 6. Rest and sleep
6. Philippine Christian mission Institute School 7. Sex
of Nursing.
The United Christian Missionary of Indianapolis, Safety and Security
operated Three schools of Nursing: 1. Physical safety
1. Sallie Long Read Memorial Hospital School of 2. Psychological safety
Nursing (Laoag, Ilocos Norte,1903) 3. The need for shelter and freedom from harm
2. Mary Chiles Hospital school of Nursing and danger
(Manila, 1911)
3. Frank Dunn Memorial hospital Love and belonging
1. The need to love and be loved
7. San Juan de Dios hospital School of Nursing 2. The need to care and to be cared for.
(Manila, 1913) 3. The need for affection: to associate or to belong
4. The need to establish fruitful and meaningful
8. Emmanuel Hospital School of Nursing relationships with people, institution, or
(Capiz,1913) organization
9. Southern Island Hospital School of Nursing Self-Esteem Needs
(Cebu,1918) 1. Self-worth
The hospital was established under the Bureau 2. Self-identity
of Health with Anastacia Giron-Tupas as the 3. Self-respect
organizer. 4. Body image
The First Colleges of Nursing in the Philippines Self-Actualization Needs
University of Santo Tomas .College of 1. The need to learn, create and understand or
Nursing (1946) comprehend
Manila Central University College of 2. The need for harmonious relationships
Nursing (1948) 3. The need for beauty or aesthetics
University of the Philippines College of 4. The need for spiritual fulfillment
Nursing (1948). Ms.Julita Sotejo was its
first Dean Characteristics of Basic Human Needs
1. Needs are universal.
The Basic Human Needs 2. Needs may be met in different ways
,3. Needs may be stimulated by external and interaction, interdependence and integration of the
internal factor subsystems of the behavioral system.(Johnson)
4. Priorities may be deferred
5. Needs are interrelated Illness and Disease
Illness
Concepts of health and Illness is a personal state in which the person feels
HEALTH unhealthy.
1. Is the fundamental right of every human being. Illness is a state in which a person’s
It is the state of integration of the body and mind physical, emotional, intellectual, social,
2. Health and illness are highly individualized developmental, or spiritual functioning is
perception. Meanings and descriptions of health diminished or impaired compared with
and illness vary among people in relation to previous experience.
geography and to culture. Illness is not synonymous with disease.
3. Health - is the state of complete physical, Disease
mental, and social well-being, and not merely the An alteration in body function resulting in
absence of disease or infirmity. (WHO) reduction of capacities or a shortening of
4. Health – is the ability to maintain the internal the normal life span.
milieu. Illness is the result of failure to maintain Common Causes of Disease
the internal environment.(Claude Bernard) 1. Biologic agent – e.g. microorganism
5. Health – is the ability to maintain homeostasis 2. Inherited genetic defects – e.g. cleft palate
or dynamic equilibrium. Homeostasis is regulated 3. Developmental defects – e.g. imperforate anus
by the negative feedback mechanism.(Walter 4. Physical agents – e.g. radiation, hot and cold
Cannon) substances, ultraviolet rays
6. Health – is being well and using ones’s power 5. Chemical agents – e.g. lead, asbestos, carbon
to the fullest extent. Health is maintained through monoxide
prevention of diseases via environmental health 6. Tissue response to irritations/injury – e.g.
factors.(Florence Nightingale) inflammation, fever
7. Health – is viewed in terms of the individual’s 7. Faulty chemical/metabolic process – e.g.
ability to perform 14 components of nursing care inadequate insulin in diabetes
unaided. (Henderson) 8. Emotional/physical reaction to stress – e.g. fear,
8. Positive Health – symbolizes wellness. It is anxiety
value term defined by the culture or individual.
(Rogers) Stages of Illness
9. Health – is a state of a process of being 1. Symptoms Experience- experience some
becoming an integrated and whole as a person. symptoms, person believes something is wrong
(Roy) Aspects –physical, cognitive, emotional
10. Health – is a state the characterized by 2. Assumption of Sick Role – acceptance of
soundness or wholeness of developed human illness, seeks advice
structures and of bodily and mental functioning. 3. Medical Care Contact - Seeks advice to
(Orem) professionals for validation of real illness,
11. Health- is a dynamic state in the life explanation of symptoms, reassurance or predict
cycle;illness is an interference in the life cycle. of outcome
(King) 4. Dependent Patient Role
12.Wellness – is the condition in which all parts The person becomes a client dependent on the
and subparts of an individual are in harmony with health professional for help. Accepts/rejects health
the whole system. (Neuman) professional’s suggestions. Becomes more passive
13. Health – is an elusive, dynamic state and accepting.
influenced by biologic,psychologic, and social 5. Recovery/Rehabilitation
factors.Health is reflected by the organization,
, Gives up the sick role and returns to former roles appear abruptly, intense and often subside after a
and functions. relatively short period.
b. Chronic Illness – chronic illness usually longer
Risk Factors of a Disease than 6 months, and can also affects functioning in
1. Genetic and Physiological Factors any dimension. The client may fluctuate between
For example, a person with a family maximal functioning and serious relapses and may
history of diabetes mellitus, is at risk in be life threatening. Is characterized by remission
developing the disease later in life. and exacerbation.
2. Age Remission- periods during which the
Age increases and decreases susceptibility disease is controlled and symptoms are not
( risk of heart diseases increases with age obvious.
for both sexes Exacerbations – The disease becomes
3. Environment more active given again at a future time,
The physical environment in which a with recurrence of pronounced symptoms.
person works or lives can increase the c. Sub-Acute – Symptoms are pronounced but
likelihood that certain illnesses will occur. more prolonged than the acute disease.
4. Lifestyle
Lifestyle practices and behaviors can also 3. Disease may also be Described as:
have positive or negative effects on health. a. Organic – results from changes in the normal
structure, from recognizable anatomical changes in
Classification of Diseases an organ or tissue of the body.
1. According to Etiologic Factors b. Functional – no anatomical changes are
a. Hereditary – due to defect in the genes of one observed to account from the symptoms present,
or other parent which is transmitted to the may result from abnormal response to stimuli.
offspring c. Occupational – Results from factors associated
b. Congenital – due to a defect in the with the occupation engage in by the patient.
development, hereditary factors, or prenatal d. Venereal – usually acquired through sexual
infection relation
c. Metabolic – due to disturbances or abnormality e. Familial – occurs in several individuals of the
in the intricate processes of metabolism. same family
d. Deficiency – results from inadequate intake or f. Epidemic – attacks a large number of
absorption of essential dietary factor. individuals in the community at the same time.
e. Traumatic- due to injury (e.g. SARS)
f. Allergic – due to abnormal response of the body g. Endemic – Presents more or less continuously
to chemical and protein substances or to physical or recurs in a community. (e.g. malaria, goiter)
stimuli. h. Pandemic –An epidemic which is extremely
g. Neoplastic – due to abnormal or uncontrolled widespread involving an entire country or
growth of cell. continent.
h. Idiopathic –Cause is unknown; self-originated; i. Sporadic – a disease in which only occasional
of spontaneous origin cases occur. (e.g. dengue, leptospirosis)
i. Degenerative –Results from the degenerative
changes that occur in the tissue and organs. Leavell and Clark’s Three Levels of Prevention
j. Iatrogenic – result from the treatment of the a. Primary Prevention – seeks to prevent a
disease disease or condition at prepathologic state; to stop
something from ever happening.
2. According to Duration or Onset Health Promotion
a. Acute Illness – An acute illness usually has a -health education
short duration and is severe. Signs and symptoms -marriage counseling
-genetic screening
following: wounded Filipino soldiers and gave them shelter
a. Hospital Real de Manila (1577). It was and food.
established mainly to care for the Spanish King’s
soldiers, but also admitted Spanish civilians. f. Captain Salome – A revolutionary leader in
Founded by Gov. Francisco de Sande Nueva Ecija; provided nursing care to the
wounded when not in combat.
b. San Lazaro Hospital (1578) – built exclusively
for patients with leprosy. Founded by Brother Juan g. Agueda Kahabagan – Revolutionary leader in
Clemente Laguna, also provided nursing services to her
troop.
The Earliest Hospitals Established
a. Hospital de Indio (1586) –Established by the h. Trinidad Tecson – “Ina ng Biac na Bato”,
Franciscan Order; Service was in general stayed in the hospital at Biac na Bato to care for
supported by alms and contribution from the wounded soldier.
charitable persons.
Hospitals and Nursing Schools
b. Hospital de Aguas Santas (1590). Established in 1. Iloilo Mission Hospital School of Nursing
Laguna, near a medicinal spring, Founded by (Iloilo City, 1906)
Brother J. Bautista of the Franciscan Order. It was ran by the Baptist Foreign Mission
Society of America.
c. San Juan de Dios Hospital (1596) Founded by Miss Rose Nicolet, a graduate of New
the Brotherhood de Misericordia and support was England Hospital for woman and children
derived from alms and rents. Rendered general in Boston, Massachusetts, was the first
health service to the public. superintendent.
Miss Flora Ernst, an American nurse,
Nursing During the Philippine Revolution took charge of the school in 1942.
The prominent persons involved in the nursing
works were: 2. St. Paul’s Hospital School of Nursing
a. Josephine Bracken – wife of Jose Rizal. (Manila, 1907)
Installed a field hospital in an estate house in The hospital was established by the
Tejeros. Provided nursing care to the wounded Archbishop of Manila, The Most Reverend
night and day. Jeremiah Harty, under the supervision of
the Sisters of St. Paul de Chartres.
b. Rosa Sevilla De Alvero – converted their house It was located in Intramuros and it
into quarters for the Filipino soldier, during the provided general hospital services.
Philippine-American war that broke out in
1899. 3. Philippine general Hospital School of
Nursing (1907)
c. Dona Hilaria de Aguinaldo – Wife of Emilio In 1907, with the support of the Governor
Aguinaldo; Organized th Filipino Red Cross under General Forbes and the Director of Health
the inspiration of Apolinario Mabini. and among others, she opened classes in
nursing under the auspices of the Bureau of
d. Dona Maria de Aguinaldo- second wife of Education.
Emilio Aguinaldo. Provided nursing care for the Anastacia Giron-Tupas, was the first
Filipino soldier during the revolution. President of Filipino to occupy the position of chief
the Filipino Red Cross branch in Batangas. nurse and superintendent in the
Philippines, succeded her.
,4. St. Luke’s Hospital School of Nursing Each individual has unique characteristics,
(Quezon City, 1907) but certain needs are common to all people.
The Hospital is an Episcopalian Institution. A need is something that is desirable,
It began as a small dispensary in 1903. In useful or necessary.
1907, the school opened with three Filipino Human needs are physiologic and
girls admitted. psychologic conditions that an individual
Mrs. Vitiliana Beltran was the first must meet to achieve a state of health or
Filipino superintendent of nurses. well-being.
5. Mary Johnston Hospital and School of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Basic Human Needs
Nursing (Manila, 1907) Physiologic
It started as a small dispensary on Calle 1. Oxygen
Cervantes (now Avenida) 2. Fluids
It was called Bethany Dispensary and was 3. Nutrition
founded by the Methodist Mission. 4. Body temperature
Miss Librada Javelera was the first Filipino 5. Elimination
director of the school. 6. Rest and sleep
6. Philippine Christian mission Institute School 7. Sex
of Nursing.
The United Christian Missionary of Indianapolis, Safety and Security
operated Three schools of Nursing: 1. Physical safety
1. Sallie Long Read Memorial Hospital School of 2. Psychological safety
Nursing (Laoag, Ilocos Norte,1903) 3. The need for shelter and freedom from harm
2. Mary Chiles Hospital school of Nursing and danger
(Manila, 1911)
3. Frank Dunn Memorial hospital Love and belonging
1. The need to love and be loved
7. San Juan de Dios hospital School of Nursing 2. The need to care and to be cared for.
(Manila, 1913) 3. The need for affection: to associate or to belong
4. The need to establish fruitful and meaningful
8. Emmanuel Hospital School of Nursing relationships with people, institution, or
(Capiz,1913) organization
9. Southern Island Hospital School of Nursing Self-Esteem Needs
(Cebu,1918) 1. Self-worth
The hospital was established under the Bureau 2. Self-identity
of Health with Anastacia Giron-Tupas as the 3. Self-respect
organizer. 4. Body image
The First Colleges of Nursing in the Philippines Self-Actualization Needs
University of Santo Tomas .College of 1. The need to learn, create and understand or
Nursing (1946) comprehend
Manila Central University College of 2. The need for harmonious relationships
Nursing (1948) 3. The need for beauty or aesthetics
University of the Philippines College of 4. The need for spiritual fulfillment
Nursing (1948). Ms.Julita Sotejo was its
first Dean Characteristics of Basic Human Needs
1. Needs are universal.
The Basic Human Needs 2. Needs may be met in different ways
,3. Needs may be stimulated by external and interaction, interdependence and integration of the
internal factor subsystems of the behavioral system.(Johnson)
4. Priorities may be deferred
5. Needs are interrelated Illness and Disease
Illness
Concepts of health and Illness is a personal state in which the person feels
HEALTH unhealthy.
1. Is the fundamental right of every human being. Illness is a state in which a person’s
It is the state of integration of the body and mind physical, emotional, intellectual, social,
2. Health and illness are highly individualized developmental, or spiritual functioning is
perception. Meanings and descriptions of health diminished or impaired compared with
and illness vary among people in relation to previous experience.
geography and to culture. Illness is not synonymous with disease.
3. Health - is the state of complete physical, Disease
mental, and social well-being, and not merely the An alteration in body function resulting in
absence of disease or infirmity. (WHO) reduction of capacities or a shortening of
4. Health – is the ability to maintain the internal the normal life span.
milieu. Illness is the result of failure to maintain Common Causes of Disease
the internal environment.(Claude Bernard) 1. Biologic agent – e.g. microorganism
5. Health – is the ability to maintain homeostasis 2. Inherited genetic defects – e.g. cleft palate
or dynamic equilibrium. Homeostasis is regulated 3. Developmental defects – e.g. imperforate anus
by the negative feedback mechanism.(Walter 4. Physical agents – e.g. radiation, hot and cold
Cannon) substances, ultraviolet rays
6. Health – is being well and using ones’s power 5. Chemical agents – e.g. lead, asbestos, carbon
to the fullest extent. Health is maintained through monoxide
prevention of diseases via environmental health 6. Tissue response to irritations/injury – e.g.
factors.(Florence Nightingale) inflammation, fever
7. Health – is viewed in terms of the individual’s 7. Faulty chemical/metabolic process – e.g.
ability to perform 14 components of nursing care inadequate insulin in diabetes
unaided. (Henderson) 8. Emotional/physical reaction to stress – e.g. fear,
8. Positive Health – symbolizes wellness. It is anxiety
value term defined by the culture or individual.
(Rogers) Stages of Illness
9. Health – is a state of a process of being 1. Symptoms Experience- experience some
becoming an integrated and whole as a person. symptoms, person believes something is wrong
(Roy) Aspects –physical, cognitive, emotional
10. Health – is a state the characterized by 2. Assumption of Sick Role – acceptance of
soundness or wholeness of developed human illness, seeks advice
structures and of bodily and mental functioning. 3. Medical Care Contact - Seeks advice to
(Orem) professionals for validation of real illness,
11. Health- is a dynamic state in the life explanation of symptoms, reassurance or predict
cycle;illness is an interference in the life cycle. of outcome
(King) 4. Dependent Patient Role
12.Wellness – is the condition in which all parts The person becomes a client dependent on the
and subparts of an individual are in harmony with health professional for help. Accepts/rejects health
the whole system. (Neuman) professional’s suggestions. Becomes more passive
13. Health – is an elusive, dynamic state and accepting.
influenced by biologic,psychologic, and social 5. Recovery/Rehabilitation
factors.Health is reflected by the organization,
, Gives up the sick role and returns to former roles appear abruptly, intense and often subside after a
and functions. relatively short period.
b. Chronic Illness – chronic illness usually longer
Risk Factors of a Disease than 6 months, and can also affects functioning in
1. Genetic and Physiological Factors any dimension. The client may fluctuate between
For example, a person with a family maximal functioning and serious relapses and may
history of diabetes mellitus, is at risk in be life threatening. Is characterized by remission
developing the disease later in life. and exacerbation.
2. Age Remission- periods during which the
Age increases and decreases susceptibility disease is controlled and symptoms are not
( risk of heart diseases increases with age obvious.
for both sexes Exacerbations – The disease becomes
3. Environment more active given again at a future time,
The physical environment in which a with recurrence of pronounced symptoms.
person works or lives can increase the c. Sub-Acute – Symptoms are pronounced but
likelihood that certain illnesses will occur. more prolonged than the acute disease.
4. Lifestyle
Lifestyle practices and behaviors can also 3. Disease may also be Described as:
have positive or negative effects on health. a. Organic – results from changes in the normal
structure, from recognizable anatomical changes in
Classification of Diseases an organ or tissue of the body.
1. According to Etiologic Factors b. Functional – no anatomical changes are
a. Hereditary – due to defect in the genes of one observed to account from the symptoms present,
or other parent which is transmitted to the may result from abnormal response to stimuli.
offspring c. Occupational – Results from factors associated
b. Congenital – due to a defect in the with the occupation engage in by the patient.
development, hereditary factors, or prenatal d. Venereal – usually acquired through sexual
infection relation
c. Metabolic – due to disturbances or abnormality e. Familial – occurs in several individuals of the
in the intricate processes of metabolism. same family
d. Deficiency – results from inadequate intake or f. Epidemic – attacks a large number of
absorption of essential dietary factor. individuals in the community at the same time.
e. Traumatic- due to injury (e.g. SARS)
f. Allergic – due to abnormal response of the body g. Endemic – Presents more or less continuously
to chemical and protein substances or to physical or recurs in a community. (e.g. malaria, goiter)
stimuli. h. Pandemic –An epidemic which is extremely
g. Neoplastic – due to abnormal or uncontrolled widespread involving an entire country or
growth of cell. continent.
h. Idiopathic –Cause is unknown; self-originated; i. Sporadic – a disease in which only occasional
of spontaneous origin cases occur. (e.g. dengue, leptospirosis)
i. Degenerative –Results from the degenerative
changes that occur in the tissue and organs. Leavell and Clark’s Three Levels of Prevention
j. Iatrogenic – result from the treatment of the a. Primary Prevention – seeks to prevent a
disease disease or condition at prepathologic state; to stop
something from ever happening.
2. According to Duration or Onset Health Promotion
a. Acute Illness – An acute illness usually has a -health education
short duration and is severe. Signs and symptoms -marriage counseling
-genetic screening
