1 for specific request mail
NUR 245 Exam 1 Questions and Correct Answers |
Latest Update
CAD Ans: Chronic and progressive disease
Impaired CO= decreased perfusion
-not pumping enough blood to perfuse tissue/organs
-blood vessel disorder due to Atherosclerosis
© 2026 Assignment
Atherosclerosis Ans: Major cause of CAD
soft deposits of fat that harden with age
Guru01 - Stuvia
Expert
endothelial injury and inflammation play role
endothelial injury occurs causing
1) fatty streaks- earliest lesions appear yellow starting at age 20
2. Fibrous plaque- by age 30, begins to harden and be coated with
collagen (grayish/white)
3. Complicated lesion- fibrous plaque continues to grow causing plaque
instability= risk of rupture (thrombus)
collateral circulation Ans: "bridges" occurs over time
-plaque block blood flow
causing build of new branches around plaque
-allows heart muscle to still receive adequate amount of blood and
oxygen except during increased workload of heart (exercise)
-the older the person the more collateral circulation
younger=worse prognosis
, 2 for specific request mail
Nonmodifiable risk factors for CAD Ans: Age: middle aged MEN (over
age 45)
Gender- Male
women- estrogen may protect, symptoms are atypical (fatigue, SOB,
upper back pain, indigestion, weakness, sleep problems, palpitations,
anxiety)
-Genetics
© 2026 Assignment
-ethnicity (Caucasian men)
Modifiable risk factors for CAD Ans: DO patient teaching
Guru01 - Stuvia
High serum lipids
Expert
Diabetes
tobacco use
obesity
physical inactivity
Hypertension BIGGEST RISK FACTOR
stress
high homocysteine levels
substance abuse
High serum lipids Ans: total serum cholesterol >200
LDL > 130
HDL men: <50, Women: <40
fasting triglycerides; >150
, 3 for specific request mail
-physical activity. eating healthy fats, losing weight, moderate alcohol
intake, quitting smoking increase HDLS
-reduce total fat intake
-reduce sat fats
-take prescribed drugs
-engage in physcial activity
-adjust caloric intake
© 2026 Assignment
Hypertension Ans: increased risk for CAD, stroke, PVD, HF
Guru01 - Stuvia
>120/80
Expert
-causes endothelial injury increasing atherosclerosis= narrows vessels
-results in left ventricular hypertrophy and decreased stroke volume
Monitor BP, obtain regular checkups, take prescribed drugs
-reduce salt intake
-control weight
-perform physcial activity
stop smoking
Tobacco use Ans: releases catecholamines which increase HR/BP=
increase heart workload
-increases lDL/ decreased HDL
-releases toxic O2 radicals (carbon monoxide) which affects hemoglobins
O2 carrying capacity
-increases heart workload and decrease O2
, 4 for specific request mail
-irritates vessels causing endothelial injury and inflammation
DO smoking cessation
Physical inactivity CAD Ans: may cause venous stasis (heart works
harder)
educate on 30-60 mins 5 days per week
-increases HDLs
-decreases hearts workload
© 2026 Assignment
-reduces risk of thrombus
Guru01 - Stuvia
Obesity Ans: BMI >30
Expert
waist circumference men: >40 inches, women: 35 inches
-have increased levels of LDLs/ triglycerides= atherosclerosis
-apple figure
Diabetes Ans: endothelial dysfunction
-high cholesterol and triglycerides
Lifestyle changes and drug therapy
A1c less than 7%
metabolic syndrome Ans: cluster of risk factors for CAD
-central obesity
-hypertension
-abnormal serum lipids
-high fasting blood glucose
NUR 245 Exam 1 Questions and Correct Answers |
Latest Update
CAD Ans: Chronic and progressive disease
Impaired CO= decreased perfusion
-not pumping enough blood to perfuse tissue/organs
-blood vessel disorder due to Atherosclerosis
© 2026 Assignment
Atherosclerosis Ans: Major cause of CAD
soft deposits of fat that harden with age
Guru01 - Stuvia
Expert
endothelial injury and inflammation play role
endothelial injury occurs causing
1) fatty streaks- earliest lesions appear yellow starting at age 20
2. Fibrous plaque- by age 30, begins to harden and be coated with
collagen (grayish/white)
3. Complicated lesion- fibrous plaque continues to grow causing plaque
instability= risk of rupture (thrombus)
collateral circulation Ans: "bridges" occurs over time
-plaque block blood flow
causing build of new branches around plaque
-allows heart muscle to still receive adequate amount of blood and
oxygen except during increased workload of heart (exercise)
-the older the person the more collateral circulation
younger=worse prognosis
, 2 for specific request mail
Nonmodifiable risk factors for CAD Ans: Age: middle aged MEN (over
age 45)
Gender- Male
women- estrogen may protect, symptoms are atypical (fatigue, SOB,
upper back pain, indigestion, weakness, sleep problems, palpitations,
anxiety)
-Genetics
© 2026 Assignment
-ethnicity (Caucasian men)
Modifiable risk factors for CAD Ans: DO patient teaching
Guru01 - Stuvia
High serum lipids
Expert
Diabetes
tobacco use
obesity
physical inactivity
Hypertension BIGGEST RISK FACTOR
stress
high homocysteine levels
substance abuse
High serum lipids Ans: total serum cholesterol >200
LDL > 130
HDL men: <50, Women: <40
fasting triglycerides; >150
, 3 for specific request mail
-physical activity. eating healthy fats, losing weight, moderate alcohol
intake, quitting smoking increase HDLS
-reduce total fat intake
-reduce sat fats
-take prescribed drugs
-engage in physcial activity
-adjust caloric intake
© 2026 Assignment
Hypertension Ans: increased risk for CAD, stroke, PVD, HF
Guru01 - Stuvia
>120/80
Expert
-causes endothelial injury increasing atherosclerosis= narrows vessels
-results in left ventricular hypertrophy and decreased stroke volume
Monitor BP, obtain regular checkups, take prescribed drugs
-reduce salt intake
-control weight
-perform physcial activity
stop smoking
Tobacco use Ans: releases catecholamines which increase HR/BP=
increase heart workload
-increases lDL/ decreased HDL
-releases toxic O2 radicals (carbon monoxide) which affects hemoglobins
O2 carrying capacity
-increases heart workload and decrease O2
, 4 for specific request mail
-irritates vessels causing endothelial injury and inflammation
DO smoking cessation
Physical inactivity CAD Ans: may cause venous stasis (heart works
harder)
educate on 30-60 mins 5 days per week
-increases HDLs
-decreases hearts workload
© 2026 Assignment
-reduces risk of thrombus
Guru01 - Stuvia
Obesity Ans: BMI >30
Expert
waist circumference men: >40 inches, women: 35 inches
-have increased levels of LDLs/ triglycerides= atherosclerosis
-apple figure
Diabetes Ans: endothelial dysfunction
-high cholesterol and triglycerides
Lifestyle changes and drug therapy
A1c less than 7%
metabolic syndrome Ans: cluster of risk factors for CAD
-central obesity
-hypertension
-abnormal serum lipids
-high fasting blood glucose
