CogSci 200 Umich Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Functions are mappings from ________ to ________ inputs, outputs
Probabilistic Inference The computation of posterior probabilities for query propositions given observed
evidence
The perceptual inference problem How do we get from the input (a 2D pattern of light on the retina) to the output (a
3D representation of reality)?
The only way to solve the perceptual inference problem assumptions
is to rely on
_________
Inverse Optics Problem The impossibility of knowing the world directly by means of light stimuli; arises
because of the ambiguity of light patterns projected onto the retina.
straight line assumption things tend to move in a straight line
rigidity assumption all points on a moving object are assumed to move in synchrony
occlusion assumption A moving object will progressively cover and uncover portions of a persisting
background
light assumption there is a single overhead light source
shadow assumption things that in a shadow are really lighter in color than what sensors detect
Bayes Rule describes the probability of an event, based on prior knowledge of conditions
that might be related to the event
blindsight cortical blindness with preserved subcortical processing
blindsight can detect... -simple shapes
-orientations of lines
-movement
-color
-emotional expressions and postures
-objects
blindsight can't detect... name or gender of the person whose emotions they have percieved
functional neuroanatomy of visual perception retina -> Lateral Geniculate Nucleus -> Visual Cortex -> Other Cortical Regions
, lateral geniculate nucleus initial superficial processing
visual cortex complex processing with conscious awareness. people with blindsight don't
utilize this.
Superior/Dorsal to the top
Anterior/Rostral towards the front
Posterior/Caudal to the back
inferior/ventral towards the bottom
lateral away from the midline
medial toward the midline
Herschberger's (1970) apparatus Even though chicks never experienced light from above, they pecked up signaling
that light coming from above is something that is innate
face processing is a specialized process that operates quickly and automatically
Prosopagnosia (face blindness) a condition characterized by the inability to recognize faces
The Sugita (2008) study monkeys exposed to human faces prefer human faces to monkey faces and don't
distinguish objects and monkey faces, and don't distinguish objects and monkey
faces
What did we learn from the Sugita study? An innate, computational template that is fine-tuned via "experience" with the
world
Allison Gopnik babies are designed to learn (nature and nurture)
What do babies know? Arithmetic
Physics
Theory of mind: Reasoning about other minds
Probabilistic reasoning
The violation-of-expectation method babies look longer at unexpected events than at more predictable ones
intuitive physics continuity, cohesiveness, solidity, contact, gravity
continuity (2.5 months) If an object is placed behind an occluder, it does not disappear. It continues to
exist.
solidity (2.5 months) Two objects cannot occupy the same space at the same time. Solid object cannot
pass through other solid objects.
Cohesion (3 months) Objects are single, integrated entities. includes rigidity assumption.
CORRECT Answers
Functions are mappings from ________ to ________ inputs, outputs
Probabilistic Inference The computation of posterior probabilities for query propositions given observed
evidence
The perceptual inference problem How do we get from the input (a 2D pattern of light on the retina) to the output (a
3D representation of reality)?
The only way to solve the perceptual inference problem assumptions
is to rely on
_________
Inverse Optics Problem The impossibility of knowing the world directly by means of light stimuli; arises
because of the ambiguity of light patterns projected onto the retina.
straight line assumption things tend to move in a straight line
rigidity assumption all points on a moving object are assumed to move in synchrony
occlusion assumption A moving object will progressively cover and uncover portions of a persisting
background
light assumption there is a single overhead light source
shadow assumption things that in a shadow are really lighter in color than what sensors detect
Bayes Rule describes the probability of an event, based on prior knowledge of conditions
that might be related to the event
blindsight cortical blindness with preserved subcortical processing
blindsight can detect... -simple shapes
-orientations of lines
-movement
-color
-emotional expressions and postures
-objects
blindsight can't detect... name or gender of the person whose emotions they have percieved
functional neuroanatomy of visual perception retina -> Lateral Geniculate Nucleus -> Visual Cortex -> Other Cortical Regions
, lateral geniculate nucleus initial superficial processing
visual cortex complex processing with conscious awareness. people with blindsight don't
utilize this.
Superior/Dorsal to the top
Anterior/Rostral towards the front
Posterior/Caudal to the back
inferior/ventral towards the bottom
lateral away from the midline
medial toward the midline
Herschberger's (1970) apparatus Even though chicks never experienced light from above, they pecked up signaling
that light coming from above is something that is innate
face processing is a specialized process that operates quickly and automatically
Prosopagnosia (face blindness) a condition characterized by the inability to recognize faces
The Sugita (2008) study monkeys exposed to human faces prefer human faces to monkey faces and don't
distinguish objects and monkey faces, and don't distinguish objects and monkey
faces
What did we learn from the Sugita study? An innate, computational template that is fine-tuned via "experience" with the
world
Allison Gopnik babies are designed to learn (nature and nurture)
What do babies know? Arithmetic
Physics
Theory of mind: Reasoning about other minds
Probabilistic reasoning
The violation-of-expectation method babies look longer at unexpected events than at more predictable ones
intuitive physics continuity, cohesiveness, solidity, contact, gravity
continuity (2.5 months) If an object is placed behind an occluder, it does not disappear. It continues to
exist.
solidity (2.5 months) Two objects cannot occupy the same space at the same time. Solid object cannot
pass through other solid objects.
Cohesion (3 months) Objects are single, integrated entities. includes rigidity assumption.
