2026 ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) ALL ANSWERED {1400 Q & A}
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Which nutrient is poorly absorbed in achlorhydria?
a.) Vitamin D
b.) Vitamin B12
c.) Bile salts
d.) Proteins
e.) Fats - answers-(b)
Vitamin B12
Hypophosphatemia has been associated with all of the following EXCEPT:
a.) impaired diaphragma c contrac lity
b.) treated diabe c ketoacidosis
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,c.) malabsorp on coupled with carbohydrate refeeding
d.) chronic alcoholism
e.) respiratory muscle hyperresponsiveness - answers-(e)
It is seen in pa ents with chronic alcoholism, diabe c ketoacidosis, sepsis, and severe
malnutri on a er carbohydrate refeeding. It can also be seen in surgical pa ents who are not
receiving enough phosphate reple on from parenteral nutri on. Hypophosphatemia causes
muscle weakness, and probably affects the diaphragm more than other muscles, therefore
leading to respiratory failure. Studies have shown lower contrac lity of the diaphragm
Phosphorus deficiency may lead to insulin resistance as well
What is the main nutrient for colonocytes?
a.) Glutamine
b.) Alanine
c.) Short chain fa y acids
d.) Glucose - answers-(c)
Short chain fa y acids
(Note: the primary fuel source though for enterocytes is glutamine)
What chemotherapy agent leads to pulmonary fibrosis?
a.) Doxorubicin
b.) Methotrexate
c.) Bleomycin
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,d.) Vincris ne
e.) Cyclophosphamide - answers-(c)
What is the most useful serum marker for cancer screening?
a.) PSA
b.) CEA
c.) AFP
d.) CA 19-9
e.) CA 15-3 - answers-(a)
All others are used for follow-up or diagnosis
What is the embryologic origin of the inferior parathyroid gland?
a.) 4th arch
b.) 4th pouch
c.) 3rd arch
d.) 3rd pouch - answers-(d)
Deriva ves of the 3rd pouch include the inferior parathyroid glands and the thymus. The main
nerve supply is the glossopharyngeal nerve. Superior parathyroids come from the 4th pouch
What is the cause of hypotension and decreased EtCO2 during laparoscopic surgery
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, a.) Tension pneumothorax
b.) Inferior vena cava compression
c.) CO2 embolus
d.) Anesthe c overdose - answers-(c)
Increased levels of glutamine are associated with all of the following EXCEPT:
a.) decreased incidence of clinical infec ons in pa ents receiving bone marrow transplanta on
b.) vitro suppression of hepatoma growth
c.) allevia on of deple on of muscle glutamine stores
d.) decreased glutathione levels in tumor cells during radia on therapy or chemotherapy
e.) increased tumor growth in pa ents with advanced malignant disease - answers-(e)
Glutamine, the most abundant amino acid in the body, can be trapped by a growing tumor,
deple ng the body's glutamine stores and producing cachexia. A prospec ve, randomized,
double-blind trial demonstrated that pa ents undergoing bone marrow transplanta on had
significantly decreased clinical infec ons when they received supplemental glutamine.
Glutamine also reduced the glutathione levels in tumor cells of pa ents undergoing
chemotherapy or radia on therapy. The concern that administering glutamine would promote
tumor growth has proven unfounded.
Which of the following is an inhibitor of wound contrac on?
a.) Aspirin
b.) d-penicillamine
c.) Colchicine
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