Earth: An Introduction to Physical Geology (13th
Ed., 2020) – Solutions Manual – by Tarbuck
All rocks are classified according to ________ and ________. - answer-texture and composition
Rhyolite - answer-felsic, extrusive igneous rock
Pumice - answer-felsic, extrusive igneous rock
Gabbro - answer-mafic, intrusive rock
Diorite - answer-phaneritic, intermediate, intrusive
Andesite - answer-aphanitic, igneous, extrusive, intermediate
Granite is to - answer-Rhyolite
Diorite is to - answer-Andesite
Gabbro is to - answer-Basalt
Ultramafic rocks contain __________ and are commonly found in __________. - answer-olivine;
mantle
1
,What is an accessory mineral? - answer-A mineral that makes up a relatively small portion of
the total rock composition
Which of the following best describes the difference between granite and rhyolite? - answer-
Granite is phaneritic and rhyolite is aphanitic.
What is the rock name of an intermediate rock with two distinct grain sizes? - answer-Andesite
porphyry
What do pumice and scoria have in common? - answer-They both exhibit a vesicular texture.
Which two processes commonly generate magma? - answer-Decompression melting and wet
melting (the addition of volatiles)
Where does the water involved in melting at subduction zones come from? - answer-Water
contained within minerals in the subducting plate is released during metamorphism.
Submit
What is peridotite? - answer-The rock making up the mantle
Why is water a necessary component of the melting process in subduction zones? - answer-The
addition of water lowers the melting temperature of rock
Why is decompression melting common at mid-ocean ridges but not at subduction zones? -
answer-Tectonic plates are moving apart at mid-ocean ridges, resulting in a lowering of
pressure beneath the ridge. Tectonic plates are moving together at subduction zones, resulting
in an increase of pressure under new mountains.
2
, Which of the following could cause rock to melt? - answer-increase in temperature
decrease in pressure
change in composition
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between pressure and
melting point in the Earth's Interior? - answer-Higher melting points are determined by higher
pressures.
What role does water play in generating magma? - answer-Water lowers the melting
temperature of the rock, allowing it to melt.
At a subduction zone, melting is triggered by _____. - answer-the introduction of water
Submit
How does decompression melting occur? - answer-When hot, solid mantle rock ascends, it
moves to areas of lower pressure. This reduction in pressure allows the hot material to melt
into a less compressed liquid phase.
Peridotite that undergoes partial melting will create a melt enriched in ________. - answer-iron,
magnesium, feldspars, and silica
What experiments did Tuttle and Bowen perform? - answer-tests of the temperature and
pressure conditions required to melt granite and form magma
What material was added to powdered rock during Tuttle and Bowen's experiments? - answer-
water
Which of the following statements about rock melting is most accurate? - answer-Rock can
3
Ed., 2020) – Solutions Manual – by Tarbuck
All rocks are classified according to ________ and ________. - answer-texture and composition
Rhyolite - answer-felsic, extrusive igneous rock
Pumice - answer-felsic, extrusive igneous rock
Gabbro - answer-mafic, intrusive rock
Diorite - answer-phaneritic, intermediate, intrusive
Andesite - answer-aphanitic, igneous, extrusive, intermediate
Granite is to - answer-Rhyolite
Diorite is to - answer-Andesite
Gabbro is to - answer-Basalt
Ultramafic rocks contain __________ and are commonly found in __________. - answer-olivine;
mantle
1
,What is an accessory mineral? - answer-A mineral that makes up a relatively small portion of
the total rock composition
Which of the following best describes the difference between granite and rhyolite? - answer-
Granite is phaneritic and rhyolite is aphanitic.
What is the rock name of an intermediate rock with two distinct grain sizes? - answer-Andesite
porphyry
What do pumice and scoria have in common? - answer-They both exhibit a vesicular texture.
Which two processes commonly generate magma? - answer-Decompression melting and wet
melting (the addition of volatiles)
Where does the water involved in melting at subduction zones come from? - answer-Water
contained within minerals in the subducting plate is released during metamorphism.
Submit
What is peridotite? - answer-The rock making up the mantle
Why is water a necessary component of the melting process in subduction zones? - answer-The
addition of water lowers the melting temperature of rock
Why is decompression melting common at mid-ocean ridges but not at subduction zones? -
answer-Tectonic plates are moving apart at mid-ocean ridges, resulting in a lowering of
pressure beneath the ridge. Tectonic plates are moving together at subduction zones, resulting
in an increase of pressure under new mountains.
2
, Which of the following could cause rock to melt? - answer-increase in temperature
decrease in pressure
change in composition
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between pressure and
melting point in the Earth's Interior? - answer-Higher melting points are determined by higher
pressures.
What role does water play in generating magma? - answer-Water lowers the melting
temperature of the rock, allowing it to melt.
At a subduction zone, melting is triggered by _____. - answer-the introduction of water
Submit
How does decompression melting occur? - answer-When hot, solid mantle rock ascends, it
moves to areas of lower pressure. This reduction in pressure allows the hot material to melt
into a less compressed liquid phase.
Peridotite that undergoes partial melting will create a melt enriched in ________. - answer-iron,
magnesium, feldspars, and silica
What experiments did Tuttle and Bowen perform? - answer-tests of the temperature and
pressure conditions required to melt granite and form magma
What material was added to powdered rock during Tuttle and Bowen's experiments? - answer-
water
Which of the following statements about rock melting is most accurate? - answer-Rock can
3
