Animal Physiology 4th edition Test Bank by Hills, Wyse,
Anderson actual questions and verified answers with complete
solutions.
What is an animal? - 100% correct answer as Multicellular euakaryotes,
heterotrophic (obtain energy from energy- releasing food substances), that
generally reproduce sexually, capable of motion at some point in their lives and can
respond quickly to external stimuli
Animals are structurally dynamic that.... - 100% correct answer as - That need
atoms of bodies in dynamic exchange with the environment.
- Molecular constituents are broken down and rebuilt
- Adults typically resynthesise 2%-3% of their body proteins each day
Properties of animals (relevant at a physiological level) -
100% correct answer as 1. Structurally dynamic
2. Organized systems that require energy
3. Most cells are exposed to internal environment, not external environment
4. Size & time are important considerations (bigger size, longer gestation time)
Conformity - 100% correct answer as Internal and external conditions are equal.
External temperatures rises so the animal's internal temperature rises too.
Pros: less energy to expend
Cons: cells are subject to sometimes dramatic changes in the environment
Regulation - 100% correct answer as Maintains internal consistency in the face of
external variability
Pros: can occupy more environments due to resilience Cons: requires energy and
more food
,Physiology responses can occur in 3 time frames - 100% correct answer as 1.
Acute (rapid response)
2. Chronic (week-months to respond)
3. Evolutionary (change in genotypes)
Why do animals carry so much in make up complexity, organization, and
appearance? - 100% correct answer as Natural selection favors those
variations in a population that increase relative fitness. Increased ability to survive
and reproduce.
Physical laws govern ... - 100% correct answer as Strength, diffusion, movement,
heat exchange, size
As body size increases ... - 100% correct answer as Thicker skeletons and
increased amount of muscle mass (more muscle, less mobility)
Surface area of a cell - 100% correct answer as Exchange of nutrients and waste
products
Volume of a cell - 100% correct answer as is related to the amount of chemical
activity the cell carries out
As a cell increases in size ... - 100% correct answer as its volume grows
proportionally more than its surface area
For diffusion to occur cells... - 100% correct answer as must be bathed in fluid
and exposed to environment directly
Metabolic rate - 100% correct answer as The amount of energy an animal uses
in a unit of time (cal) and (kcal)
,Metabolic rate's relationship with size? - 100% correct answer as metabolic
rate is INVERSELY related to size. Smaller size, higher metabolic rate, must eat
more per body mass.
Endothermic - 100% correct answer as Warmed mostly by heat generated by
metabolism. Ex: mammals, birds, some fishes, and numerous insects
Ectothermic - 100% correct answer as Warmed mostly by heat from external
sources. Ex: invertebrates, fish, reptiles, amphibians
Torpor - 100% correct answer as Activity and metabolism is low which saves
energy
Hibernation - 100% correct answer as Long term torpor that is an adaptation
to winter cold and food scarcity
Aestivation - 100% correct answer as Summer torpor, prolonged high
temperatures and scarce water supplies
Most animals are temperature ... - 100% correct answer as regulators
Thermoregulation - 100% correct answer as The process by which animals maintain
an internal temperature within a tolerable range
Homeotherm - 100% correct answer as An organism that maintains its body
temperature at a constant temperature
Poikilotherm - 100% correct answer as An organism with a variable body
temperature changes with its surrounding environment temperature
Endothermy advantages - 100% correct answer as Active metabolism allows for
longer activity & can maintain constant
, temperature with fluctuating environment temperatures. This helped to solve the
problem of living on land!
Endothermy disadvantages - 100% correct answer as Energetically expensive
therefore they usually consume more food than ectotherms to offset energy
requirements needed.
What are the mechanisms of heat exchange? - 100% correct answer as Conduction,
convection, radiation, evaporation
Conduction - 100% correct answer as Direct transfer of thermal heat
Ex. Lizard on warm rock
Convection - 100% correct answer as The transfer of heat by the movement of air or
liquid past a body surface
Ex. Breeze blowing over lizard
Radiation - 100% correct answer as Emission of electromagnetic waves
Ex. Sun shining down on lizard
Evaporation - 100% correct answer as Loss of heat from a liquid's surface that is
losing some molecules as gas. This will only occur if humidity is less than 100%.
Ex. Liquid evaporating from lizard's nose
How can animals balance heat gain & loss? - 100% correct answer as 1. Altering
the rate of heat exchange by adaptations in the circulatory system of insulation,
vasodilation, vasoconstriction, counter-current heat exchange
2. Cooling by evaporative heat loss
3. Behavioral responses (ectotherms and endotherms)
4. Changing rate of metabolic heat production
Altering the rate of heat exchange - 100% correct answer as Heat loss is
reduced by presence of hair, feathers, and fat.
Anderson actual questions and verified answers with complete
solutions.
What is an animal? - 100% correct answer as Multicellular euakaryotes,
heterotrophic (obtain energy from energy- releasing food substances), that
generally reproduce sexually, capable of motion at some point in their lives and can
respond quickly to external stimuli
Animals are structurally dynamic that.... - 100% correct answer as - That need
atoms of bodies in dynamic exchange with the environment.
- Molecular constituents are broken down and rebuilt
- Adults typically resynthesise 2%-3% of their body proteins each day
Properties of animals (relevant at a physiological level) -
100% correct answer as 1. Structurally dynamic
2. Organized systems that require energy
3. Most cells are exposed to internal environment, not external environment
4. Size & time are important considerations (bigger size, longer gestation time)
Conformity - 100% correct answer as Internal and external conditions are equal.
External temperatures rises so the animal's internal temperature rises too.
Pros: less energy to expend
Cons: cells are subject to sometimes dramatic changes in the environment
Regulation - 100% correct answer as Maintains internal consistency in the face of
external variability
Pros: can occupy more environments due to resilience Cons: requires energy and
more food
,Physiology responses can occur in 3 time frames - 100% correct answer as 1.
Acute (rapid response)
2. Chronic (week-months to respond)
3. Evolutionary (change in genotypes)
Why do animals carry so much in make up complexity, organization, and
appearance? - 100% correct answer as Natural selection favors those
variations in a population that increase relative fitness. Increased ability to survive
and reproduce.
Physical laws govern ... - 100% correct answer as Strength, diffusion, movement,
heat exchange, size
As body size increases ... - 100% correct answer as Thicker skeletons and
increased amount of muscle mass (more muscle, less mobility)
Surface area of a cell - 100% correct answer as Exchange of nutrients and waste
products
Volume of a cell - 100% correct answer as is related to the amount of chemical
activity the cell carries out
As a cell increases in size ... - 100% correct answer as its volume grows
proportionally more than its surface area
For diffusion to occur cells... - 100% correct answer as must be bathed in fluid
and exposed to environment directly
Metabolic rate - 100% correct answer as The amount of energy an animal uses
in a unit of time (cal) and (kcal)
,Metabolic rate's relationship with size? - 100% correct answer as metabolic
rate is INVERSELY related to size. Smaller size, higher metabolic rate, must eat
more per body mass.
Endothermic - 100% correct answer as Warmed mostly by heat generated by
metabolism. Ex: mammals, birds, some fishes, and numerous insects
Ectothermic - 100% correct answer as Warmed mostly by heat from external
sources. Ex: invertebrates, fish, reptiles, amphibians
Torpor - 100% correct answer as Activity and metabolism is low which saves
energy
Hibernation - 100% correct answer as Long term torpor that is an adaptation
to winter cold and food scarcity
Aestivation - 100% correct answer as Summer torpor, prolonged high
temperatures and scarce water supplies
Most animals are temperature ... - 100% correct answer as regulators
Thermoregulation - 100% correct answer as The process by which animals maintain
an internal temperature within a tolerable range
Homeotherm - 100% correct answer as An organism that maintains its body
temperature at a constant temperature
Poikilotherm - 100% correct answer as An organism with a variable body
temperature changes with its surrounding environment temperature
Endothermy advantages - 100% correct answer as Active metabolism allows for
longer activity & can maintain constant
, temperature with fluctuating environment temperatures. This helped to solve the
problem of living on land!
Endothermy disadvantages - 100% correct answer as Energetically expensive
therefore they usually consume more food than ectotherms to offset energy
requirements needed.
What are the mechanisms of heat exchange? - 100% correct answer as Conduction,
convection, radiation, evaporation
Conduction - 100% correct answer as Direct transfer of thermal heat
Ex. Lizard on warm rock
Convection - 100% correct answer as The transfer of heat by the movement of air or
liquid past a body surface
Ex. Breeze blowing over lizard
Radiation - 100% correct answer as Emission of electromagnetic waves
Ex. Sun shining down on lizard
Evaporation - 100% correct answer as Loss of heat from a liquid's surface that is
losing some molecules as gas. This will only occur if humidity is less than 100%.
Ex. Liquid evaporating from lizard's nose
How can animals balance heat gain & loss? - 100% correct answer as 1. Altering
the rate of heat exchange by adaptations in the circulatory system of insulation,
vasodilation, vasoconstriction, counter-current heat exchange
2. Cooling by evaporative heat loss
3. Behavioral responses (ectotherms and endotherms)
4. Changing rate of metabolic heat production
Altering the rate of heat exchange - 100% correct answer as Heat loss is
reduced by presence of hair, feathers, and fat.
