UNE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+

UNE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL SCRIPT
2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+

>> Neoplasm
Answer: Abnormal mass of tissue


>> Benign Tumor
Answer: Slow-growing, encapsulated, no metastasis


>> Malignant Tumor
Answer: Rapid-growing, invasive, metastatic


>> Cancer
Answer: Malignant neoplasm


>> Dysplasia
Answer: Pre-malignant change


>> Carcinoma in Situ
Answer: Malignant cells confined to epithelium


>> Invasion
Answer: Penetration of basement membrane


>> Metastasis
Answer: Spread to distant sites

, >> Angiogenesis
Answer: Essential for tumor growth >1–2 mm


>> Tumor Suppressor Genes
Answer: Inhibit cell proliferation (p53, Rb)


>> Oncogenes
Answer: Promote cell proliferation when mutated


>> Proto-oncogenes
Answer: Normal genes that can become oncogenes


>> Mutation
Answer: Permanent change in DNA sequence


>> Point Mutation
Answer: Single base change


>> Chromosomal Translocation
Answer: Exchange between chromosomes


>> Gene Amplification
Answer: Increased copy number


>> Epigenetic Changes
Answer: Heritable changes without DNA sequence alteration


>> Tumor Microenvironment
Answer: Stromal cells, immune cells, ECM