Test Bank Krause and Mahan’s Food and the
Nutrition Care Process| 16th Edition| All
Chapters Covered| Solution with Rationale
,Table of Contents
Part I: Nutrition Assessment ..................................................................................................................... 4
Chapter 1: Intake: Gastrointestinal Digestion, Absorption, and Excretion of Nutrients ...................... 4
Chapter 2: Intake: Energy ................................................................................................................... 19
Chapter 3: Clinical: Water, Electrolytes, and Acid–Base Balance ....................................................... 35
Chapter 4: Intake: Assessment of Food- and Nutrition-Related History ............................................ 50
Chapter 5: Clinical Biochemical, Physical, and Functional Assessment .............................................. 63
Chapter 6: Clinical: Nutritional Genomics ........................................................................................... 77
Chapter 7: Inflammation and the Pathophysiology of Chronic Disease ............................................. 91
Chapter 8: Behavioral-Environmental: The Individual in the Community ........................................ 105
Part II: Nutrition Diagnosis and Intervention ........................................................................................ 119
Chapter 9: Overview of Nutrition Diagnosis and Intervention ......................................................... 119
Chapter 10: Food-Nutrient Delivery: Planning the Diet With Cultural Competency ........................ 133
Chapter 11: Food and Nutrient Delivery: Complementary and Integrative Medicine and Dietary
Supplements ..................................................................................................................................... 146
Chapter 12: Food and Nutrient Delivery: Nutrition Support Methods ............................................. 160
Chapter 13: Education and Counseling: Behavioral Change ............................................................. 174
Part III: Nutrition in the Life Cycle ......................................................................................................... 188
Chapter 14: Nutrition in Pregnancy and Lactation ........................................................................... 188
Chapter 15: Nutrition in Infancy ....................................................................................................... 202
Chapter 16: Nutrition in Childhood................................................................................................... 215
Chapter 17: Nutrition in Adolescence ............................................................................................... 229
Chapter 18: Nutrition for Transgender People ................................................................................. 243
Chapter 19: Nutrition in the Adult Years .......................................................................................... 257
Chapter 20: Nutrition in Aging .......................................................................................................... 270
Chapter 21: Nutrition in Weight Management................................................................................. 284
Chapter 22: Nutrition in Eating Disorders......................................................................................... 298
Chapter 23: Nutrition in Exercise and Sports Performance .............................................................. 312
Chapter 24: Nutrition and Bone Health ............................................................................................ 326
Chapter 25: Nutrition for Oral and Dental Health ............................................................................ 339
PART V: MEDICAL NUTRITION THERAPY ............................................................................................... 352
Chapter 26. Medical Nutrition Therapy for Adverse Reactions to Food: Allergies and Intolerances
.......................................................................................................................................................... 352
, Chapter 27. Medical Nutrition Therapy for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders ....................... 366
Chapter 28. Medical Nutrition Therapy for Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders ....................... 379
Chapter 29. Medical Nutrition Therapy for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disorders ...................... 393
Chapter 30. Medical Nutrition Therapy for Diabetes Mellitus and Hypoglycemia of Nondiabetic
Origin................................................................................................................................................. 406
Chapter 31. Medical Nutrition Therapy for Thyroid, Adrenal, and Other Endocrine Disorders ....... 419
Chapter 32. Medical Nutrition Therapy for Anemia ......................................................................... 432
Chapter 33. Medical Nutrition Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease ................................................ 445
Chapter 34. Medical Nutrition Therapy for Pulmonary Disease ....................................................... 458
Chapter 35. Medical Nutrition Therapy for Renal Disorders ............................................................ 471
Chapter 36. Medical Nutrition Therapy for Cancer Prevention, Treatment, and Survivorship ........ 484
Chapter 37. Medical Nutrition Therapy for Infectious Diseases ....................................................... 498
Chapter 38. Medical Nutrition Therapy for HIV and AIDS ................................................................ 511
Chapter 39. Medical Nutrition Therapy in Critical Care .................................................................... 524
Chapter 40. Medical Nutrition Therapy for Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Disease ..................... 537
Chapter 41. Medical Nutrition Therapy for Neurologic Disorders.................................................... 550
Chapter 42. Medical Nutrition Therapy for Psychiatric and Cognitive Disorders ............................. 564
PART VI: PEDIATRIC SPECIALTIES .......................................................................................................... 577
Chapter 43. Medical Nutrition Therapy for Low-Birth Weight Infants ............................................. 577
Chapter 44. Medical Nutrition Therapy for Genetic Metabolic Disorders ....................................... 590
Chapter 45. Medical Nutrition Therapy for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities ................ 603
, Part I: Nutrition Assessment
Chapter 1: Intake: Gastrointestinal Digestion, Absorption, and Excretion of
Nutrients
1. A 45-year-old man presents with chronic bloating, diarrhea, and weight loss. Duodenal biopsy shows
villous atrophy. Which nutrient absorption is most impaired in this patient?
A. Vitamin B12
B. Iron and folate
C. Fat-soluble vitamins
D. Calcium and phosphorus
ANS: C
Rationale:
Villous atrophy reduces intestinal surface area, impairing fat digestion and micelle formation. This leads
to malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K). Vitamin B12 absorption occurs in the ileum and is
less affected initially.
2. A patient with chronic pancreatitis reports steatorrhea and abdominal discomfort. Which mechanism
best explains these findings?
A. Reduced gastric acid secretion
B. Impaired bile salt synthesis
C. Decreased pancreatic lipase secretion
D. Accelerated intestinal motility
ANS: C
Rationale:
Chronic pancreatitis reduces secretion of pancreatic enzymes, especially lipase. Without adequate
lipase, triglycerides cannot be hydrolyzed, leading to fat malabsorption and steatorrhea.
3. A 60-year-old woman on long-term proton pump inhibitors develops iron deficiency anemia. What is
the primary mechanism?
A. Reduced intrinsic factor secretion
B. Impaired ferritin synthesis
C. Decreased gastric acid production
D. Increased intestinal transit time
ANS: C
Nutrition Care Process| 16th Edition| All
Chapters Covered| Solution with Rationale
,Table of Contents
Part I: Nutrition Assessment ..................................................................................................................... 4
Chapter 1: Intake: Gastrointestinal Digestion, Absorption, and Excretion of Nutrients ...................... 4
Chapter 2: Intake: Energy ................................................................................................................... 19
Chapter 3: Clinical: Water, Electrolytes, and Acid–Base Balance ....................................................... 35
Chapter 4: Intake: Assessment of Food- and Nutrition-Related History ............................................ 50
Chapter 5: Clinical Biochemical, Physical, and Functional Assessment .............................................. 63
Chapter 6: Clinical: Nutritional Genomics ........................................................................................... 77
Chapter 7: Inflammation and the Pathophysiology of Chronic Disease ............................................. 91
Chapter 8: Behavioral-Environmental: The Individual in the Community ........................................ 105
Part II: Nutrition Diagnosis and Intervention ........................................................................................ 119
Chapter 9: Overview of Nutrition Diagnosis and Intervention ......................................................... 119
Chapter 10: Food-Nutrient Delivery: Planning the Diet With Cultural Competency ........................ 133
Chapter 11: Food and Nutrient Delivery: Complementary and Integrative Medicine and Dietary
Supplements ..................................................................................................................................... 146
Chapter 12: Food and Nutrient Delivery: Nutrition Support Methods ............................................. 160
Chapter 13: Education and Counseling: Behavioral Change ............................................................. 174
Part III: Nutrition in the Life Cycle ......................................................................................................... 188
Chapter 14: Nutrition in Pregnancy and Lactation ........................................................................... 188
Chapter 15: Nutrition in Infancy ....................................................................................................... 202
Chapter 16: Nutrition in Childhood................................................................................................... 215
Chapter 17: Nutrition in Adolescence ............................................................................................... 229
Chapter 18: Nutrition for Transgender People ................................................................................. 243
Chapter 19: Nutrition in the Adult Years .......................................................................................... 257
Chapter 20: Nutrition in Aging .......................................................................................................... 270
Chapter 21: Nutrition in Weight Management................................................................................. 284
Chapter 22: Nutrition in Eating Disorders......................................................................................... 298
Chapter 23: Nutrition in Exercise and Sports Performance .............................................................. 312
Chapter 24: Nutrition and Bone Health ............................................................................................ 326
Chapter 25: Nutrition for Oral and Dental Health ............................................................................ 339
PART V: MEDICAL NUTRITION THERAPY ............................................................................................... 352
Chapter 26. Medical Nutrition Therapy for Adverse Reactions to Food: Allergies and Intolerances
.......................................................................................................................................................... 352
, Chapter 27. Medical Nutrition Therapy for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders ....................... 366
Chapter 28. Medical Nutrition Therapy for Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders ....................... 379
Chapter 29. Medical Nutrition Therapy for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disorders ...................... 393
Chapter 30. Medical Nutrition Therapy for Diabetes Mellitus and Hypoglycemia of Nondiabetic
Origin................................................................................................................................................. 406
Chapter 31. Medical Nutrition Therapy for Thyroid, Adrenal, and Other Endocrine Disorders ....... 419
Chapter 32. Medical Nutrition Therapy for Anemia ......................................................................... 432
Chapter 33. Medical Nutrition Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease ................................................ 445
Chapter 34. Medical Nutrition Therapy for Pulmonary Disease ....................................................... 458
Chapter 35. Medical Nutrition Therapy for Renal Disorders ............................................................ 471
Chapter 36. Medical Nutrition Therapy for Cancer Prevention, Treatment, and Survivorship ........ 484
Chapter 37. Medical Nutrition Therapy for Infectious Diseases ....................................................... 498
Chapter 38. Medical Nutrition Therapy for HIV and AIDS ................................................................ 511
Chapter 39. Medical Nutrition Therapy in Critical Care .................................................................... 524
Chapter 40. Medical Nutrition Therapy for Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Disease ..................... 537
Chapter 41. Medical Nutrition Therapy for Neurologic Disorders.................................................... 550
Chapter 42. Medical Nutrition Therapy for Psychiatric and Cognitive Disorders ............................. 564
PART VI: PEDIATRIC SPECIALTIES .......................................................................................................... 577
Chapter 43. Medical Nutrition Therapy for Low-Birth Weight Infants ............................................. 577
Chapter 44. Medical Nutrition Therapy for Genetic Metabolic Disorders ....................................... 590
Chapter 45. Medical Nutrition Therapy for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities ................ 603
, Part I: Nutrition Assessment
Chapter 1: Intake: Gastrointestinal Digestion, Absorption, and Excretion of
Nutrients
1. A 45-year-old man presents with chronic bloating, diarrhea, and weight loss. Duodenal biopsy shows
villous atrophy. Which nutrient absorption is most impaired in this patient?
A. Vitamin B12
B. Iron and folate
C. Fat-soluble vitamins
D. Calcium and phosphorus
ANS: C
Rationale:
Villous atrophy reduces intestinal surface area, impairing fat digestion and micelle formation. This leads
to malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K). Vitamin B12 absorption occurs in the ileum and is
less affected initially.
2. A patient with chronic pancreatitis reports steatorrhea and abdominal discomfort. Which mechanism
best explains these findings?
A. Reduced gastric acid secretion
B. Impaired bile salt synthesis
C. Decreased pancreatic lipase secretion
D. Accelerated intestinal motility
ANS: C
Rationale:
Chronic pancreatitis reduces secretion of pancreatic enzymes, especially lipase. Without adequate
lipase, triglycerides cannot be hydrolyzed, leading to fat malabsorption and steatorrhea.
3. A 60-year-old woman on long-term proton pump inhibitors develops iron deficiency anemia. What is
the primary mechanism?
A. Reduced intrinsic factor secretion
B. Impaired ferritin synthesis
C. Decreased gastric acid production
D. Increased intestinal transit time
ANS: C
