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CANC 380 Questions and Correct
Answers/ Latest Update / Already Graded
DALY
Ans: - disability adjusted life year
DALY = YLD + YLL
Cancer has impacted research using...
Ans: 1. vaccines
2. immunotherapy
3. screening
Requirements for natural selection
Ans: 1. variation in population
2. heritable variation
3. variation influences survival or reproduction
Natural selection cellular level
Ans: - rapid
- reproduce faster
- random genetic mutations
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- favourable traits
- decreased fitness
Clones vs subclones
Ans: clones: derived from the same parent cell
- share ancestry and genetics
subclones: progeny of a mutant cell from a clone
HER2
Ans: - evolutionary advantage
- encodes receptor for EGFR2, breast division
divergent evolution
Ans: single species accumulate enough phenotypic differenc es
to diversify
convergent evolution
Ans: two unrelated species that do not share a common
ancestry develop analogous structures due to environmental
pressures
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
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parallel evolution
Ans: two unrelated species share common ancestor evolve on a
similar path to produce phenotypes
which cells are antigen presenting?
Ans: 1. dendritic cells
2. macrophages
3. B lymphocytes
MHC I MHC II differences
Ans: MHC-I: all nucleated cells, display cytosolic proteins
MHC-II: only found on APCs, displays ingested proteins
Tumour antigen products
Ans: 1. mutated proteins
2. protein levels
3. glycolipids
4. oncogenic products
mutated products
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Ans: - mutations in genes that favour uncontrolled growth
- displayed by MHC pathways
- abnormal protein structure causes antigenicity
- RAS and proteins
protein levels
Ans: - tolerance to low concentration of growth-related cell
proteins expressed by non-cancerous cells
- abnormal expression causes antigenicity
- HER2
glycolipids
Ans: - over express normal glycated products to aid cell
invasion
- over-expression of structures cause antigenicity
- gastric cancers
oncogenic products
Ans: - presented to MHC, immunogenic
- viral products cause antigenicity
- E6 E7 are displayed in cervical cells infected by the HPV
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
CANC 380 Questions and Correct
Answers/ Latest Update / Already Graded
DALY
Ans: - disability adjusted life year
DALY = YLD + YLL
Cancer has impacted research using...
Ans: 1. vaccines
2. immunotherapy
3. screening
Requirements for natural selection
Ans: 1. variation in population
2. heritable variation
3. variation influences survival or reproduction
Natural selection cellular level
Ans: - rapid
- reproduce faster
- random genetic mutations
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |2
- favourable traits
- decreased fitness
Clones vs subclones
Ans: clones: derived from the same parent cell
- share ancestry and genetics
subclones: progeny of a mutant cell from a clone
HER2
Ans: - evolutionary advantage
- encodes receptor for EGFR2, breast division
divergent evolution
Ans: single species accumulate enough phenotypic differenc es
to diversify
convergent evolution
Ans: two unrelated species that do not share a common
ancestry develop analogous structures due to environmental
pressures
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |3
parallel evolution
Ans: two unrelated species share common ancestor evolve on a
similar path to produce phenotypes
which cells are antigen presenting?
Ans: 1. dendritic cells
2. macrophages
3. B lymphocytes
MHC I MHC II differences
Ans: MHC-I: all nucleated cells, display cytosolic proteins
MHC-II: only found on APCs, displays ingested proteins
Tumour antigen products
Ans: 1. mutated proteins
2. protein levels
3. glycolipids
4. oncogenic products
mutated products
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |4
Ans: - mutations in genes that favour uncontrolled growth
- displayed by MHC pathways
- abnormal protein structure causes antigenicity
- RAS and proteins
protein levels
Ans: - tolerance to low concentration of growth-related cell
proteins expressed by non-cancerous cells
- abnormal expression causes antigenicity
- HER2
glycolipids
Ans: - over express normal glycated products to aid cell
invasion
- over-expression of structures cause antigenicity
- gastric cancers
oncogenic products
Ans: - presented to MHC, immunogenic
- viral products cause antigenicity
- E6 E7 are displayed in cervical cells infected by the HPV
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
