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CANC 380 Module 2 (2026) Questions and
Correct Answers/ Latest Update / Already
Graded
What are the three main factors considered in the stages of cancer?
Ans: Size, location, and spread of the tumor.
What does grading in cancer refer to?
Ans: The physical appearance of malignant cells.
What does the 'T' in the TNM staging system stand for?
Ans: Tumor - it indicates the size and location of the primary
tumor.
What does the 'N' in the TNM staging system represent?
Ans: Node - it assesses whether the tumor has spread to lymph
nodes and if so, where and how many.
What does the 'M' in the TNM staging system indicate?
Ans: Metastasis - it refers to the spread of cancer to other body
parts.
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
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What does TNM stand for in cancer staging?
Ans: Tumor, Node, Metastasis.
What is Stage 0 in cancer staging?
Ans: 'In situ': cancer is in the position where it started and is
highly curable.
What characterizes Stage 1 cancer?
Ans: Localized cancer that begins to invade neighboring
tissues but remains a single lump.
What happens in Stage 2 and 3 cancer?
Ans: Cancer divides and grows into surrounding tissues and
may have spread to lymph nodes.
What defines Stage 4 cancer?
Ans: Cancer has spread to other organs or body parts
(metastatic).
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
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What is the difference between non-muscle invasive and muscle-
invasive bladder cancer?
Ans: Non-muscle invasive (NMIBC) does not invade the bladder
wall, while muscle-invasive (MIBC) extends into the muscular
wall.
What does TIS indicate in bladder cancer staging?
Ans: Flat carcinoma in situ, only found near or on the bladder
surface.
What is the Gleason score used for?
Ans: To grade prostate cancer based on histological patterns of
the tumor.
What is the Two-Hit Hypothesis in cancer?
Ans: Both alleles of a tumor suppressor gene must be mutated
for cancer to develop.
What is neoplasia?
Ans: Unregulated, proliferative growth due to g enetic changes;
hallmark of cancer.
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
CANC 380 Module 2 (2026) Questions and
Correct Answers/ Latest Update / Already
Graded
What are the three main factors considered in the stages of cancer?
Ans: Size, location, and spread of the tumor.
What does grading in cancer refer to?
Ans: The physical appearance of malignant cells.
What does the 'T' in the TNM staging system stand for?
Ans: Tumor - it indicates the size and location of the primary
tumor.
What does the 'N' in the TNM staging system represent?
Ans: Node - it assesses whether the tumor has spread to lymph
nodes and if so, where and how many.
What does the 'M' in the TNM staging system indicate?
Ans: Metastasis - it refers to the spread of cancer to other body
parts.
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |2
What does TNM stand for in cancer staging?
Ans: Tumor, Node, Metastasis.
What is Stage 0 in cancer staging?
Ans: 'In situ': cancer is in the position where it started and is
highly curable.
What characterizes Stage 1 cancer?
Ans: Localized cancer that begins to invade neighboring
tissues but remains a single lump.
What happens in Stage 2 and 3 cancer?
Ans: Cancer divides and grows into surrounding tissues and
may have spread to lymph nodes.
What defines Stage 4 cancer?
Ans: Cancer has spread to other organs or body parts
(metastatic).
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |3
What is the difference between non-muscle invasive and muscle-
invasive bladder cancer?
Ans: Non-muscle invasive (NMIBC) does not invade the bladder
wall, while muscle-invasive (MIBC) extends into the muscular
wall.
What does TIS indicate in bladder cancer staging?
Ans: Flat carcinoma in situ, only found near or on the bladder
surface.
What is the Gleason score used for?
Ans: To grade prostate cancer based on histological patterns of
the tumor.
What is the Two-Hit Hypothesis in cancer?
Ans: Both alleles of a tumor suppressor gene must be mutated
for cancer to develop.
What is neoplasia?
Ans: Unregulated, proliferative growth due to g enetic changes;
hallmark of cancer.
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
