NURS 611 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2 Questions and Answers 2026 Updated

SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone) Causes S/S Treatment *Over secretion of ADH, Kidneys retain water causing hypervolemia (dilute sodium- hyponatremia) CAUSES- cancers, lung cancer, duodenum, etc Infection in lungs or CNS - pneumonia, meningitis, AVP gene mutation, any surgerys medication- Chlopropamide (oral antidiabetic) S/S- THIRSTY, DEC urine (very concentrated) , anoerxia, (not hungry/uncomfortable) fluid overload, dyspnea fatigue vomiting, hyponatremia, confusion, seizures Treatment - Treat hyponatremia Diabetes Insuipidus (DI) Patho Causes S/S Treatment *DECREASED secretion of ADH, diluted and excessive urine output, (concentrated - Hypernatremia, INC plasma osmalality), CAUSES- ** Nephrogenic - problems with the kidneys- Genetic (Vasopressin & Aquaphorin genes), diseases- amyloidosis & pylenephritis Drug- lithium carbonate (can damage kidney tubules) ** Neurogenic - lesions or trauma to hypothalamus, posterior pituitary, TBI complications Pregnancy- body produces vasopressinase which causes ADH to break down (decrease) S/S- polydispisa (extreme thirst), Inc Urine output (Polyuria) diluted, hypotension, Treatment- If tolerable, Drink alot of water to correct the problem Antidiuretic Hormone Where is it produced? Where is it stored/secreted? Normal function Produced by the hypothalamus secreted and stored by the posterior pituitary regulates the amount of water in the body (can also constrict blood vessels and also called vasopressin) Hypopituitarism (Disease of the anterior pituitary) Cause- ischemia/infarction, edema, adenoma, aneyursm of the pituitary - pituitary enlarges due to edema which causes more damage (pituitary is in an enclosed space) - Tiusse damage, decreased blood supply, fibrosis Dec in all pituitary hormones- (Panhypopituitarism) ACTH - Adrenocorticotropic TSH- thyroid stimulating hormone FSH & LH follicle stimulating & Lutenizing GH- Growth hormone Oxytocin Toxicity / Oxytocin Insufficiency Disease of posterior pituitary Hyper secretion- Toxicity Hypo secretion- Insufficiency