NU 136 Fundamentals Final Exam and
All Correct Answers 2025-2026
Update.
Denial (defense mechanism) - Answer psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people
refuse to believe or even to perceive painful realities.
A woman whose husband died a year ago still speaks of him in the present tense and keeps his
wardrobe in the closet.
What type of defense mechanism is she displaying? - Answer denial
Rationalization (defense mechanism) - Answer Unconsciously making excuses or formulate
logical reasons to justifying unacceptable feelings or behaviors.
A student who did not study for an examination blames his failure on he teacher's poor lecture
material and the unfairness of the examination. What type of defense mechanism is the student
displaying? - Answer rationalization
Displacement - Answer discharging intense feelings for one person onto another object or
person who is less threatening, thereby satisfying an impulse with a substitute object.
A child who has been scolded by her other hits her doll with a hairbrush. What type of defense
mechanism is the child displaying? - Answer Displacement
blood culture and sensitivity - Answer blood specimen incubated to check for bacterial
growth
culture and sensitivity - Answer test performed to determine which antibiotic is most
effective against the bacteria.
When are sensitivity test results available? - Answer 48 to 72 hours after the culture
What type of results would you report in a sensitivity test? - Answer 1. resistant
2. susceptible
3. intermediate resistance
,Sepsis in the Home Environment: what do you do with contaminated dressings? - Answer
secure contaminated dressings and other disposable supplies in plastic zip-closure bags before
disposal.
Sepsis in the Home Environment: what do you do with contaminated linens with blood or body
secretions? - Answer Place contaminated linens in a sealed plastic bag until laundered. DO
NOT launder with regular family laundry.
what are the four stages of infection? - Answer 1. incubation period
2. prodromal period
3. illness period
4. convalescence period
incubation period - Answer the period between exposure to an infection and the appearance
of the first symptoms
What stage of infection do localized and systemic signs and symptoms appear? - Answer -
illness period
-signs and symptoms can include: fever, headache, rash, swollen lymph nodes, leukocytosis,
diarrhea and vomiting
What is the convalescent period? - Answer recovery period; symptoms begin to subside and
it extends until the patient has returned to a normal state of health
Asepsis - Answer the practice of making the environment and objects free of microorganisms
medical asepsis - Answer practices designed to reduce the number and transfer of
pathogens; synonym for clean technique
surgical asepsis - Answer -practices that render and keep objects and areas free from
microorganisms
-involves sterilization of all instruments and inanimate equipment that invade the body and for
wound care.
-sterile technique
example of medical asepsis - Answer -hand washing
-insertion of an NG tube
, Example of surgical asepsis - Answer -administering injections
-administering IV therapy
-changing wound dressings
-performing urinary catherization
Nursing actions to promote patient safety - Answer -keep the bed in the low position if not
giving direct care
-lock the bed wheels to prevent the bed from rolling when the patient attempts to get in or out
-answer call lights quickly so that the patient learns to trust you and does not feel the need to
get up without you
Major risk factors for a pressure injury - Answer -immobility
-inactivity
-moisture
-malnutrition
-advanced age
-altered sensory perception
-lowered mental awareness
-friction and shear
contributing risk factors for a pressure injury - Answer -dehydration
-obesity
-edema
stage 1 pressure injury - Answer -An area of intact skin that is red, deep pink, or mottled skin
-does not blanch with fingertip pressure
stage 2 pressure injury - Answer -partial thickness skin loss with exposed dermis
-may appear as ruptured blister
stage 3 pressure injury - Answer -full thickness loss
-looks like deep crater extend to fascia
-subtaneous tissue damaged/necrotic fat visible
-undermining/tunneling may be present
All Correct Answers 2025-2026
Update.
Denial (defense mechanism) - Answer psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people
refuse to believe or even to perceive painful realities.
A woman whose husband died a year ago still speaks of him in the present tense and keeps his
wardrobe in the closet.
What type of defense mechanism is she displaying? - Answer denial
Rationalization (defense mechanism) - Answer Unconsciously making excuses or formulate
logical reasons to justifying unacceptable feelings or behaviors.
A student who did not study for an examination blames his failure on he teacher's poor lecture
material and the unfairness of the examination. What type of defense mechanism is the student
displaying? - Answer rationalization
Displacement - Answer discharging intense feelings for one person onto another object or
person who is less threatening, thereby satisfying an impulse with a substitute object.
A child who has been scolded by her other hits her doll with a hairbrush. What type of defense
mechanism is the child displaying? - Answer Displacement
blood culture and sensitivity - Answer blood specimen incubated to check for bacterial
growth
culture and sensitivity - Answer test performed to determine which antibiotic is most
effective against the bacteria.
When are sensitivity test results available? - Answer 48 to 72 hours after the culture
What type of results would you report in a sensitivity test? - Answer 1. resistant
2. susceptible
3. intermediate resistance
,Sepsis in the Home Environment: what do you do with contaminated dressings? - Answer
secure contaminated dressings and other disposable supplies in plastic zip-closure bags before
disposal.
Sepsis in the Home Environment: what do you do with contaminated linens with blood or body
secretions? - Answer Place contaminated linens in a sealed plastic bag until laundered. DO
NOT launder with regular family laundry.
what are the four stages of infection? - Answer 1. incubation period
2. prodromal period
3. illness period
4. convalescence period
incubation period - Answer the period between exposure to an infection and the appearance
of the first symptoms
What stage of infection do localized and systemic signs and symptoms appear? - Answer -
illness period
-signs and symptoms can include: fever, headache, rash, swollen lymph nodes, leukocytosis,
diarrhea and vomiting
What is the convalescent period? - Answer recovery period; symptoms begin to subside and
it extends until the patient has returned to a normal state of health
Asepsis - Answer the practice of making the environment and objects free of microorganisms
medical asepsis - Answer practices designed to reduce the number and transfer of
pathogens; synonym for clean technique
surgical asepsis - Answer -practices that render and keep objects and areas free from
microorganisms
-involves sterilization of all instruments and inanimate equipment that invade the body and for
wound care.
-sterile technique
example of medical asepsis - Answer -hand washing
-insertion of an NG tube
, Example of surgical asepsis - Answer -administering injections
-administering IV therapy
-changing wound dressings
-performing urinary catherization
Nursing actions to promote patient safety - Answer -keep the bed in the low position if not
giving direct care
-lock the bed wheels to prevent the bed from rolling when the patient attempts to get in or out
-answer call lights quickly so that the patient learns to trust you and does not feel the need to
get up without you
Major risk factors for a pressure injury - Answer -immobility
-inactivity
-moisture
-malnutrition
-advanced age
-altered sensory perception
-lowered mental awareness
-friction and shear
contributing risk factors for a pressure injury - Answer -dehydration
-obesity
-edema
stage 1 pressure injury - Answer -An area of intact skin that is red, deep pink, or mottled skin
-does not blanch with fingertip pressure
stage 2 pressure injury - Answer -partial thickness skin loss with exposed dermis
-may appear as ruptured blister
stage 3 pressure injury - Answer -full thickness loss
-looks like deep crater extend to fascia
-subtaneous tissue damaged/necrotic fat visible
-undermining/tunneling may be present
