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answers
Pest - ✔✔any insect, mite, rodent, weed, disease etc that is injurious to the health of
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humans, animals, plants, or the environment|| || || || ||
Goal of IPM - ✔✔keep pests below economic and aesthetic injury level, avoid adverse
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effects on humans, wildlife, environment
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economic injury level - ✔✔breakeven point at which cost of pest control equals revenue
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loss caused by pest
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economic threshold level - ✔✔number of pests per plant or amount of damage to plant at
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which control measures should begin
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aesthetic injury level - ✔✔number of pests that might cause enough damage to the
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appearance of a plant to warrant cost of control - might vary
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key to successful IPM - ✔✔monitoring pest pop and plant conditions
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cultural control - ✔✔improve crop health
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mechanical control - ✔✔physical pest elimination || || || || ||
biological control - ✔✔living organisms reduce pests
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chemical control - ✔✔chemical agents reduce pests
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, preventative control - ✔✔prevent entry and spread || || || || || ||
pesticide failure - ✔✔wrong type, wrong pest stage, wrong area, pest resistance
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insects - ✔✔exoskeleton, 3 pairs jointed legs, 3 body region
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insect body regions - ✔✔head, thorax, abdomen
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incomplete development - ✔✔3 life stages - eggs, nymph, adult
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complete development - ✔✔4 life stages - egg, larvae, pupae, adult
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mites - ✔✔spider-like, 4 pairs of legs
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spiders - ✔✔4 pairs of legs, 2 body regions
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crustaceans - ✔✔7 pairs of legs ex) pillbugs || || || || || || ||
birds - ✔✔all protected except non-native ex) starlings, house sparrows
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mammals - ✔✔protected except rats, mice, ground squirrels
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noninfectious disease - ✔✔cannot be transferred pest to pest or plant to plant, often result
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of unfavorable conditions
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