NURS 624 Exam 1 - Cary Review Questions
With Complete Answers
Stage 1 Lyme Disease - ANSWER o Early Localized Lyme Disease (1-4 weeks)
Circular "bullseye rash" (Erythema migrans)
Mild flu-like symptoms:
• Fever, Chills, Joint and muscle pain, stiff neck, HA, fatigue, lymphaden.
Stage 2 Lyme Disease - ANSWER o Early Disseminated Lyme Disease (Weeks to Month
after infection)
Can range from mild to severe, or not at all
• Flu -like: Similar or worse than Stage 1
• Visual disturbances
• Bell's Palsy
• Classic Rash with multiple lesions
• Palpitations
Stage 3 Lyme Disease - ANSWER o Late Disseminated Lyme Disease (occurs when not
treated for stage 1 and 2 months to years after initial bite)
Severe HA
Large joint pain
Arrhythmias
Brain disturbance: memory loss, mood changes, sleep issues
Difficulty concentration, "foggy" feeling
Numbness/Tingling in limbs
Extreme fatigue
Temporary paralysis of facial muscles
,Stage 4 Lyme Disease - ANSWER o Late Stage or Chronic Lyme Arthritis (Episodes
lasting > 6 months)
Recurrent form of joint inflammation (usually affects the knees)
• Swelling
• Redness
• Fluid Build Up
First Line Tx: Lyme Disease - ANSWER Doxycycline 10-14 days
Tinea Versicolor - ANSWER o Round or oval lesions of hypopigmentation or
hyperpigmentation macules
o Located mainly on back, chest, arms, sometimes neck/face
Tinea Versicolor Tx - ANSWER Clotrimazole
• Seborrhea Dermatitis - ANSWER o Common in Parkinson's patients
o Scaly, greasy rash
Seborrheic Dermatitis Tx - ANSWER Scalp: OTC dandruff shampoo, nizoral shampoo
Face: Ketoconazole, Steroid cream
• Folliculitis - ANSWER o Infected Hair follicle; Red, raised rash
• Folliculitis Tx - ANSWER Bactriban
CD4 test - ANSWER • CD4 tests measure the number of CD4 T-cells in the blood to gauge
the strength of the immune system in the presence of HIV infection
, o HIV can take up to 6 months to affect CD4
o The CD4 cell count of a person who does not have HIV can be anything between 500
and 1500.
o People living with HIV who have a CD4 cell count below 200 are at high risk of
developing serious illnesses. HIV treatment is recommended for all people living with
HIV. It is especially important for people with low CD4 counts
Viral Load - ANSWER measures the number of virus particles in the blood directly
o A low viral load indicates that HIV is not actively reproducing and that the immediate
risk of disease progression is low.
o A high viral load means the virus is active and the infection will progress.
o The viral load test is a more reliable indicator of viral activity than the CD4 test and, as
such, a more reliable indicator of disease progression.
o It is the most useful tool in determining whether or not antiretroviral drugs are working
since treatment failure is first manifested by a rise in viral load
Viral Load vs CD4 - ANSWER ** The viral load test is a more reliable indicator of viral
activity than the CD4 test and, as such, a more reliable indicator of disease progression
** It is the most useful tool in determining whether or not antiretroviral drugs are
working since treatment failure is first manifested by a rise in viral load
Risk Factors for HIV - ANSWER • Sexual history of multiple partners, Substance abuse,
Transfusion history (1977-85), STD history, Occupation history
S/S of Acute HIV infection - ANSWER • This is the period of time immediately following
infection with HIV
• Usually begins 2-4 weeks of the infection, usually lasts 3-14 days
• Symptoms
o Fever, N/V, HA, Fatigue, Several types of dermatitis, Sore throat, Arthralgia,
Generalized lymphadenopathy, and Septic meningitis
With Complete Answers
Stage 1 Lyme Disease - ANSWER o Early Localized Lyme Disease (1-4 weeks)
Circular "bullseye rash" (Erythema migrans)
Mild flu-like symptoms:
• Fever, Chills, Joint and muscle pain, stiff neck, HA, fatigue, lymphaden.
Stage 2 Lyme Disease - ANSWER o Early Disseminated Lyme Disease (Weeks to Month
after infection)
Can range from mild to severe, or not at all
• Flu -like: Similar or worse than Stage 1
• Visual disturbances
• Bell's Palsy
• Classic Rash with multiple lesions
• Palpitations
Stage 3 Lyme Disease - ANSWER o Late Disseminated Lyme Disease (occurs when not
treated for stage 1 and 2 months to years after initial bite)
Severe HA
Large joint pain
Arrhythmias
Brain disturbance: memory loss, mood changes, sleep issues
Difficulty concentration, "foggy" feeling
Numbness/Tingling in limbs
Extreme fatigue
Temporary paralysis of facial muscles
,Stage 4 Lyme Disease - ANSWER o Late Stage or Chronic Lyme Arthritis (Episodes
lasting > 6 months)
Recurrent form of joint inflammation (usually affects the knees)
• Swelling
• Redness
• Fluid Build Up
First Line Tx: Lyme Disease - ANSWER Doxycycline 10-14 days
Tinea Versicolor - ANSWER o Round or oval lesions of hypopigmentation or
hyperpigmentation macules
o Located mainly on back, chest, arms, sometimes neck/face
Tinea Versicolor Tx - ANSWER Clotrimazole
• Seborrhea Dermatitis - ANSWER o Common in Parkinson's patients
o Scaly, greasy rash
Seborrheic Dermatitis Tx - ANSWER Scalp: OTC dandruff shampoo, nizoral shampoo
Face: Ketoconazole, Steroid cream
• Folliculitis - ANSWER o Infected Hair follicle; Red, raised rash
• Folliculitis Tx - ANSWER Bactriban
CD4 test - ANSWER • CD4 tests measure the number of CD4 T-cells in the blood to gauge
the strength of the immune system in the presence of HIV infection
, o HIV can take up to 6 months to affect CD4
o The CD4 cell count of a person who does not have HIV can be anything between 500
and 1500.
o People living with HIV who have a CD4 cell count below 200 are at high risk of
developing serious illnesses. HIV treatment is recommended for all people living with
HIV. It is especially important for people with low CD4 counts
Viral Load - ANSWER measures the number of virus particles in the blood directly
o A low viral load indicates that HIV is not actively reproducing and that the immediate
risk of disease progression is low.
o A high viral load means the virus is active and the infection will progress.
o The viral load test is a more reliable indicator of viral activity than the CD4 test and, as
such, a more reliable indicator of disease progression.
o It is the most useful tool in determining whether or not antiretroviral drugs are working
since treatment failure is first manifested by a rise in viral load
Viral Load vs CD4 - ANSWER ** The viral load test is a more reliable indicator of viral
activity than the CD4 test and, as such, a more reliable indicator of disease progression
** It is the most useful tool in determining whether or not antiretroviral drugs are
working since treatment failure is first manifested by a rise in viral load
Risk Factors for HIV - ANSWER • Sexual history of multiple partners, Substance abuse,
Transfusion history (1977-85), STD history, Occupation history
S/S of Acute HIV infection - ANSWER • This is the period of time immediately following
infection with HIV
• Usually begins 2-4 weeks of the infection, usually lasts 3-14 days
• Symptoms
o Fever, N/V, HA, Fatigue, Several types of dermatitis, Sore throat, Arthralgia,
Generalized lymphadenopathy, and Septic meningitis
