MIDTERM EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2026
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Answers) (latest 2026\2027 Update)
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Causes of Abdominal Distention - ANSWERS-Obesity, Ascites, Air or Gas, Ovarian
cyst, Pregnancy, Tumor
Silent bowel sounds - ANSWERS-The nurse should listen for at least 5 minutes.
Assessment technique for right lower quadrant pain - ANSWERS-Examine the tender
area first.
Rationale for auscultation before palpation or percussion - ANSWERS-Percussion and
palpation may increase peristalsis, which gives a false interpretation of bowel sounds.
Specific questions for abdominal pain - ANSWERS-Describe the pain, is it in one spot,
or does it move around, have the patient point to the area, when did it start, how long
have you had the pain, is it constant or does it come and go, does it occur before a
meal or after meals, describe the pain is it a cramping, burning, dull, stabbing, or aching
pain, are there any changes associated with meals does the pain become worse or
better, what have you tried to relieve the pain, what makes the pain worse, is the pain
associated with your menstrual cycle.
,Alcohol Interaction Concern - ANSWERS-Alcohol can interact with all medications and
make some diseases worse.
Genogram Description - ANSWERS-A graphic family tree that uses symbols to depict
the gender, relationship, and age of immediate family, usually 3 generations.
Health History for Elderly - ANSWERS-Current health promotion activities would be
most useful when obtaining health history on an 87-year-old woman.
Medication Memory in Elderly - ANSWERS-A 90-year-old patient tells the nurse that he
cannot remember the names of the medication he is taking or why he is taking them.
Functional Assessment Components - ANSWERS-This could include data on lifestyle
and type of living environment, self-esteem, activity/exercise, sleep/rest,
nutrition/elimination, interpersonal relationships/resources, spiritual resources, coping
and stress management, personal habits, environmental hazards, violence questions,
and occupational health questions.
Coping with a Cast - ANSWERS-Appropriate questions would include how they transfer
to bed, another chair, bathing technique, and coping with the situation.
Family Health History - ANSWERS-Genograms also highlight the health of close family
members and details such as communicable disease, environmental hazards, tobacco
use, and alcohol use.
Health Promotion Evaluation - ANSWERS-The information helps to evaluate health
promotion and teaching opportunities.
Patient's Pain Inquiry - ANSWERS-The nurse should ask about the patient's pain and
its impact on daily activities.
Patient's Reaction to Allergens - ANSWERS-The nurse should inquire about the specific
reactions the patient has to allergens.
,Importance of Family History - ANSWERS-Family history is crucial for understanding
potential health risks.
Subjective Data Collection - ANSWERS-Subjective data is obtained through patient
reports and experiences.
Elderly Patient Assessment - ANSWERS-Assessing current health promotion activities
is vital for elderly patients.
90-year-old patient - ANSWERS-Cannot remember the names of the medication he is
taking or why he is taking them.
Functional assessment question - ANSWERS-Are you able to dress yourself?
Description of symptom setting - ANSWERS-This pain happens every time I sit down to
use the computer.
Breast examination importance - ANSWERS-Examining the upper outer quadrant of the
breast is especially important because this is the location for most breast tumors.
Assessment of woman's lymph system - ANSWERS-Assess central, lateral, pectoral,
and subscapular nodes.
Breast sagging explanation - ANSWERS-After menopause, the glandular and fat tissue
atrophies, causing breast size and elasticity to diminish, resulting in sagging breasts.
Bilateral gynecomastia - ANSWERS-This is the result of hormonal changes
(testosterone) and recommend a visit to their provider.
Response to breast pain - ANSWERS-Seek more specific information about the pain,
such as: When did you first notice it? Is the pain localized or all over? Is it painful to
, touch? Is the pain in relation to your menstrual cycle? Is the pain associated with activity
or exercise?
Crusty, itchy rash on breast - ANSWERS-Important questions include: Where did the
rash first appear- on the nipple, areola, or the surrounding skin? When did you first
notice this?
Breast self-examinations (BSEs) - ANSWERS-Breast self-exams may detect lumps that
appear between mammograms.
Risk factors for breast cancer - ANSWERS-History of breast cancer - family history—
first-degree relative, medications such as estrogen and progestin combined, certain
tumor suppressor genes called BRCA1 and BRCA2 (inherited mutation), age.
Breast asymmetry - ANSWERS-Asymmetry is not unusual, but the nurse should verify
that this change is not new.
Inverted left nipple - ANSWERS-Whether the inversion is a recent change should be
determined.
Nipple and skin retraction screening - ANSWERS-Have the woman slowly lift her arms
above her head, and note any retraction or lag in movement.
Breast palpation position - ANSWERS-The position most likely to make significant
lumps more distinct during breast palpation.
Supine with the arms raised over the head - ANSWERS-Correct Answer-Supine with
the arms raised over the head
Best time to perform a BSE - ANSWERS-The best time to perform a BSE is 4 to 7 days
after the first day of the menstrual period.