WGU D236 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
respiratory acidosis causes - ANSWER -CO2 high PH low
CNS depression
COPD
*hypoventilation
respiratory acidosis treatment - ANSWER -improve ventilation (intubation)
admin bicarb
respiratory alkalosis causes - ANSWER -CO2 low, PH high
hyperventilation
hypoxemia
respiratory alkalosis treatment - ANSWER -CO2 rebreather mask
metabolic acidosis causes - ANSWER -PH Low, due to HCO3 low <22
*DKA,
severe diarrhea, renal failure, shock
metabolic acidosis treatment - ANSWER -sodium bicarb
metabolic alkalosis causes - ANSWER -PH high due to HCO3 high >26
excessive vomiting
metabolic alkalosis treatment - ANSWER -electrolyte and fluid replacement
*administer vomiting meds
what happens to dehydrated pts? - ANSWER -ADH levels are high and RAAS is
activated
dehydration /fluid deficit s/s - ANSWER -*headache, dizziness, weakness, confusion,
bad breath, dry mouth, dark urine
hypoventilation - ANSWER -the body's carbon dioxide level rises causing the build up of
acid and too little oxygen.
*respiratory acidosis
*equilibrium shift to right
*HCO3 high
*PH low
, hyperventilation - ANSWER -exhale too much carbon dioxide as a result carbon dioxide
concentration in the blood is reduced and bicarb acid equilibrium shifts to the left
*respiratory alkalosis
*HCO3 low
*PH high
Hemodyalysis - ANSWER -takes blood out of the body via a PIV and puts it back into
the body through a central line
*4-6 hours a few times per week
*artificial Kidney
CRRT - ANSWER -cleanses blood in a 24 hour cycle
peritoneal dialysis - ANSWER -does not use a machine but injects a solution of water
and glucose into the abdominal cavity
Sodium normal levels - ANSWER -135-145 mmol/L
Hyponatremia <135 Manifestations - ANSWER -*goes to Brain and Muscle
Muscle cramps
weakness
fatigue
abdominal cramps
lethargy
confusion
seizures
Hypernatremia >145 Manifestations - ANSWER -Signs of fluid deficit
*Cellular Dehydration
thirst
headache
agitation
Potassium normal levels - ANSWER -3.5-5.0 mEq/L
essential for nerve impulses
muscle contractions (heart)
hypokalemia manifestations - ANSWER -*palpitations
*diarrhea
*Muscle weakness
*Paresthesia (numbness/tingling)
cardiac dysrhythmias
Hyperkalemia manifestations - ANSWER -*muscle spasms
*untreated acidosis
muscle weakness/paralysis
EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
respiratory acidosis causes - ANSWER -CO2 high PH low
CNS depression
COPD
*hypoventilation
respiratory acidosis treatment - ANSWER -improve ventilation (intubation)
admin bicarb
respiratory alkalosis causes - ANSWER -CO2 low, PH high
hyperventilation
hypoxemia
respiratory alkalosis treatment - ANSWER -CO2 rebreather mask
metabolic acidosis causes - ANSWER -PH Low, due to HCO3 low <22
*DKA,
severe diarrhea, renal failure, shock
metabolic acidosis treatment - ANSWER -sodium bicarb
metabolic alkalosis causes - ANSWER -PH high due to HCO3 high >26
excessive vomiting
metabolic alkalosis treatment - ANSWER -electrolyte and fluid replacement
*administer vomiting meds
what happens to dehydrated pts? - ANSWER -ADH levels are high and RAAS is
activated
dehydration /fluid deficit s/s - ANSWER -*headache, dizziness, weakness, confusion,
bad breath, dry mouth, dark urine
hypoventilation - ANSWER -the body's carbon dioxide level rises causing the build up of
acid and too little oxygen.
*respiratory acidosis
*equilibrium shift to right
*HCO3 high
*PH low
, hyperventilation - ANSWER -exhale too much carbon dioxide as a result carbon dioxide
concentration in the blood is reduced and bicarb acid equilibrium shifts to the left
*respiratory alkalosis
*HCO3 low
*PH high
Hemodyalysis - ANSWER -takes blood out of the body via a PIV and puts it back into
the body through a central line
*4-6 hours a few times per week
*artificial Kidney
CRRT - ANSWER -cleanses blood in a 24 hour cycle
peritoneal dialysis - ANSWER -does not use a machine but injects a solution of water
and glucose into the abdominal cavity
Sodium normal levels - ANSWER -135-145 mmol/L
Hyponatremia <135 Manifestations - ANSWER -*goes to Brain and Muscle
Muscle cramps
weakness
fatigue
abdominal cramps
lethargy
confusion
seizures
Hypernatremia >145 Manifestations - ANSWER -Signs of fluid deficit
*Cellular Dehydration
thirst
headache
agitation
Potassium normal levels - ANSWER -3.5-5.0 mEq/L
essential for nerve impulses
muscle contractions (heart)
hypokalemia manifestations - ANSWER -*palpitations
*diarrhea
*Muscle weakness
*Paresthesia (numbness/tingling)
cardiac dysrhythmias
Hyperkalemia manifestations - ANSWER -*muscle spasms
*untreated acidosis
muscle weakness/paralysis
