WGU PATHO D236 LESSON 10 EXAM
GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
What are prerenal causes of an acute kidney injury - ANSWER -Anything in the body
that prevents perfusion to the kidneys;
-Hemorrhage
-dehydration
-Shock
-Heart failure
What are some complications of acute kidney injury? - ANSWER --chronic renal failure
-High blood pressure
And diabetes
Chronic renal failure often results on what do you want to the lack of erythropoietin
production - ANSWER -Anemia
What is cholestasis? - ANSWER -The significant reduction of bile situation and flow
What are the two types of cholestasis? - ANSWER -• intrahepatic cholestasis
• Extrahepatic cholestasis
This type of cholestasis as a result of diseased, hepatocytes or disease, intrahepatic
bile ducts - ANSWER -Intrahepatic cholestasis
This type of cholestasis is the result of a duct obstruction outside of the liver(such as
gall stones for pancreatic tumor) - ANSWER -Extrahepatic cholestasis
How have choledocholithiasis lead to acute pancreatitis? Why would this result and
damage to pancreatic cells? - ANSWER --Occurs when bio flow is obstructed by a
gallstone in the common bile duct.
-this can lead to a back up of digestive enzymes from the pancreas, that can perform
autodigestion and damage pancreatic cells
This term is used to describe stones that form in the urinary system - ANSWER -
Urolithiasis
What are the three different types of stones and what part of the urinary system do they
occur in? - ANSWER --Nephrolithiasis(kidney)
-Ureterolithiasis (ureter)
-Cystolithiasis (bladder)
, What are factors might be responsible for calculus forming, and what are the possible
ramifications if a stone cannot be passed in the urine? - ANSWER --stasis of urine
allows for Crystal formation, which is commonly caused by urinary obstruction or
neurogenic bladder
-as the stone is pushed to the yard or it can cause bleeding buildup of pressure,
-low urine flow - leading to backflow of toxic urine in the kidney which could lead to
possible damage of the nephrons in the kidney failure.
An ascending lower urinary track infection(more commonly in women or during
pregnancy) often leads to what condition - ANSWER -Glomerulonephritis
Pyelonephritis
Nephrolithiasis
Acute kidney injury
What are the body's natural defenses against a lower urinary tract infection? - ANSWER
--continual free flow of urine
-secretion of IgA (WBCs)
-naturally high osmolarity
-Urea and organic acids which inhibit bacterial growth
How are the kidneys, natural defenses overcome by various organisms, that eventually
lead to infection. - ANSWER --chronic voluntary suppression of urine
-sexual intercourse
-UT obstruction
-Catheterization
-vesicoureteral reflux (urine backed up into the kidney)
What are the two likely pathophysiological mechanisms of acute glomerulonephritis? -
ANSWER -Antigen-antibody
Immune reaction
What is the most common type of bladder cancer? - ANSWER -TCC(transitional cell
carcinoma) 90%
This type of cancer begins on the bladders interior surface, and as it grows it protrudes
into the bladder lumen, and eventually into bladder muscle, where it can metastasize -
ANSWER -TCCU (transitional cell carcinoma)
What is typically the only indication that one might have bladder cancer? - ANSWER -
Diagnostic test, such as antigen test or CT or ultrasound send a text by cancer prior to
this. The hallmark sign is painless hematuria.
GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
What are prerenal causes of an acute kidney injury - ANSWER -Anything in the body
that prevents perfusion to the kidneys;
-Hemorrhage
-dehydration
-Shock
-Heart failure
What are some complications of acute kidney injury? - ANSWER --chronic renal failure
-High blood pressure
And diabetes
Chronic renal failure often results on what do you want to the lack of erythropoietin
production - ANSWER -Anemia
What is cholestasis? - ANSWER -The significant reduction of bile situation and flow
What are the two types of cholestasis? - ANSWER -• intrahepatic cholestasis
• Extrahepatic cholestasis
This type of cholestasis as a result of diseased, hepatocytes or disease, intrahepatic
bile ducts - ANSWER -Intrahepatic cholestasis
This type of cholestasis is the result of a duct obstruction outside of the liver(such as
gall stones for pancreatic tumor) - ANSWER -Extrahepatic cholestasis
How have choledocholithiasis lead to acute pancreatitis? Why would this result and
damage to pancreatic cells? - ANSWER --Occurs when bio flow is obstructed by a
gallstone in the common bile duct.
-this can lead to a back up of digestive enzymes from the pancreas, that can perform
autodigestion and damage pancreatic cells
This term is used to describe stones that form in the urinary system - ANSWER -
Urolithiasis
What are the three different types of stones and what part of the urinary system do they
occur in? - ANSWER --Nephrolithiasis(kidney)
-Ureterolithiasis (ureter)
-Cystolithiasis (bladder)
, What are factors might be responsible for calculus forming, and what are the possible
ramifications if a stone cannot be passed in the urine? - ANSWER --stasis of urine
allows for Crystal formation, which is commonly caused by urinary obstruction or
neurogenic bladder
-as the stone is pushed to the yard or it can cause bleeding buildup of pressure,
-low urine flow - leading to backflow of toxic urine in the kidney which could lead to
possible damage of the nephrons in the kidney failure.
An ascending lower urinary track infection(more commonly in women or during
pregnancy) often leads to what condition - ANSWER -Glomerulonephritis
Pyelonephritis
Nephrolithiasis
Acute kidney injury
What are the body's natural defenses against a lower urinary tract infection? - ANSWER
--continual free flow of urine
-secretion of IgA (WBCs)
-naturally high osmolarity
-Urea and organic acids which inhibit bacterial growth
How are the kidneys, natural defenses overcome by various organisms, that eventually
lead to infection. - ANSWER --chronic voluntary suppression of urine
-sexual intercourse
-UT obstruction
-Catheterization
-vesicoureteral reflux (urine backed up into the kidney)
What are the two likely pathophysiological mechanisms of acute glomerulonephritis? -
ANSWER -Antigen-antibody
Immune reaction
What is the most common type of bladder cancer? - ANSWER -TCC(transitional cell
carcinoma) 90%
This type of cancer begins on the bladders interior surface, and as it grows it protrudes
into the bladder lumen, and eventually into bladder muscle, where it can metastasize -
ANSWER -TCCU (transitional cell carcinoma)
What is typically the only indication that one might have bladder cancer? - ANSWER -
Diagnostic test, such as antigen test or CT or ultrasound send a text by cancer prior to
this. The hallmark sign is painless hematuria.
