[HAADMLTechnologist] HAAD
MLTechnologist DOH Licensureination for
Medical Laboratory Technologist
Certification Review Guide
**Question 1. Which enzyme is most specific for myocardial infarction diagnosis?**
A) Creatine kinase‑MB
B) Lactate dehydrogenase
C) Troponin I
D) Myoglobin
Answer: C
Explanation: Cardiac troponin I rises within 3–6 h of MI, remains elevated for days, and is highly
specific for myocardial injury, unlike CK‑MB or myoglobin.
**Question 2. In a basic metabolic panel, which parameter is the most reliable indicator of renal
filtration function?**
A) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
B) Serum creatinine
C) Sodium
D) Chloride
Answer: B
Explanation: Serum creatinine correlates closely with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and is less
affected by diet or hydration than BUN.
**Question 3. A 45‑year‑old patient has an elevated ALT and AST with a AST/ALT ratio >2. Which
condition is most likely?**
A) Non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease
, [HAADMLTechnologist] HAAD
MLTechnologist DOH Licensureination for
Medical Laboratory Technologist
Certification Review Guide
B) Viral hepatitis
C) Alcoholic hepatitis
D) Hemochromatosis
Answer: C
Explanation: An AST/ALT ratio greater than 2 is characteristic of alcoholic liver disease, where
AST rises disproportionately.
**Question 4. Which of the following is the gold‑standard test for diagnosing diabetes
mellitus?**
A) Fasting plasma glucose
B) 2‑hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
C) Random plasma glucose
D) Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)
Answer: B
Explanation: The 2‑hour OGTT is considered the definitive diagnostic test, especially for
detecting impaired glucose tolerance.
**Question 5. Which lipid parameter is the primary target for reducing cardiovascular risk?**
A) Total cholesterol
B) LDL‑C
C) HDL‑C
, [HAADMLTechnologist] HAAD
MLTechnologist DOH Licensureination for
Medical Laboratory Technologist
Certification Review Guide
D) Triglycerides
Answer: B
Explanation: Lowering low‑density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‑C) has the greatest impact on
reducing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk.
**Question 6. A patient’s arterial blood gas shows pH 7.30, PaCO₂ 55 mmHg, HCO₃⁻ 24 mmol/L.
What is the primary acid‑base disturbance?**
A) Metabolic acidosis
B) Respiratory acidosis
C) Metabolic alkalosis
D) Respiratory alkalosis
Answer: B
Explanation: Low pH with elevated PaCO₂ and normal HCO₃⁻ indicates primary respiratory
acidosis.
**Question 7. Which thyroid hormone assay is most accurate for monitoring thyroid
replacement therapy?**
A) Total T4
B) Free T4
C) Total T3
D) Reverse T3
, [HAADMLTechnologist] HAAD
MLTechnologist DOH Licensureination for
Medical Laboratory Technologist
Certification Review Guide
Answer: B
Explanation: Free T4 reflects the biologically active hormone and is not influenced by binding
protein variations, making it ideal for therapy monitoring.
**Question 8. In therapeutic drug monitoring, which drug requires measurement of both peak
and trough levels?**
A) Digoxin
B) Vancomycin
C) Phenytoin
D) Lithium
Answer: B
Explanation: Vancomycin trough levels predict efficacy and toxicity; peak levels can be useful for
dosing adjustments in certain protocols.
**Question 9. Which heavy metal is most commonly screened for in occupational exposure
using atomic absorption spectroscopy?**
A) Lead
B) Mercury
C) Arsenic
D) Cadmium
Answer: A
MLTechnologist DOH Licensureination for
Medical Laboratory Technologist
Certification Review Guide
**Question 1. Which enzyme is most specific for myocardial infarction diagnosis?**
A) Creatine kinase‑MB
B) Lactate dehydrogenase
C) Troponin I
D) Myoglobin
Answer: C
Explanation: Cardiac troponin I rises within 3–6 h of MI, remains elevated for days, and is highly
specific for myocardial injury, unlike CK‑MB or myoglobin.
**Question 2. In a basic metabolic panel, which parameter is the most reliable indicator of renal
filtration function?**
A) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
B) Serum creatinine
C) Sodium
D) Chloride
Answer: B
Explanation: Serum creatinine correlates closely with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and is less
affected by diet or hydration than BUN.
**Question 3. A 45‑year‑old patient has an elevated ALT and AST with a AST/ALT ratio >2. Which
condition is most likely?**
A) Non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease
, [HAADMLTechnologist] HAAD
MLTechnologist DOH Licensureination for
Medical Laboratory Technologist
Certification Review Guide
B) Viral hepatitis
C) Alcoholic hepatitis
D) Hemochromatosis
Answer: C
Explanation: An AST/ALT ratio greater than 2 is characteristic of alcoholic liver disease, where
AST rises disproportionately.
**Question 4. Which of the following is the gold‑standard test for diagnosing diabetes
mellitus?**
A) Fasting plasma glucose
B) 2‑hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
C) Random plasma glucose
D) Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)
Answer: B
Explanation: The 2‑hour OGTT is considered the definitive diagnostic test, especially for
detecting impaired glucose tolerance.
**Question 5. Which lipid parameter is the primary target for reducing cardiovascular risk?**
A) Total cholesterol
B) LDL‑C
C) HDL‑C
, [HAADMLTechnologist] HAAD
MLTechnologist DOH Licensureination for
Medical Laboratory Technologist
Certification Review Guide
D) Triglycerides
Answer: B
Explanation: Lowering low‑density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‑C) has the greatest impact on
reducing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk.
**Question 6. A patient’s arterial blood gas shows pH 7.30, PaCO₂ 55 mmHg, HCO₃⁻ 24 mmol/L.
What is the primary acid‑base disturbance?**
A) Metabolic acidosis
B) Respiratory acidosis
C) Metabolic alkalosis
D) Respiratory alkalosis
Answer: B
Explanation: Low pH with elevated PaCO₂ and normal HCO₃⁻ indicates primary respiratory
acidosis.
**Question 7. Which thyroid hormone assay is most accurate for monitoring thyroid
replacement therapy?**
A) Total T4
B) Free T4
C) Total T3
D) Reverse T3
, [HAADMLTechnologist] HAAD
MLTechnologist DOH Licensureination for
Medical Laboratory Technologist
Certification Review Guide
Answer: B
Explanation: Free T4 reflects the biologically active hormone and is not influenced by binding
protein variations, making it ideal for therapy monitoring.
**Question 8. In therapeutic drug monitoring, which drug requires measurement of both peak
and trough levels?**
A) Digoxin
B) Vancomycin
C) Phenytoin
D) Lithium
Answer: B
Explanation: Vancomycin trough levels predict efficacy and toxicity; peak levels can be useful for
dosing adjustments in certain protocols.
**Question 9. Which heavy metal is most commonly screened for in occupational exposure
using atomic absorption spectroscopy?**
A) Lead
B) Mercury
C) Arsenic
D) Cadmium
Answer: A
