Prosthetic Written Simulation
1. K1 Prosthetic Feet SACH foot
2. K2 Prosthetic Feet -SAFE Foot / Flexible Keel
-Single Axis Foot
-Multi Axial Foot
3. K3 Prosthetic Feet -Dynamic Response / Energy Storing
-Flex foot system
-Hydraulic Ankles
-Microprocessor feet
4. SACH Foot -solid ankle cushion heel
-simplest design
-cushion on heel compresses at heel strike, rigid keel allows for stability
at midstance, and flexible forefoot provides roll over
5. SAFE Foot / Flexible -Stationary attachment flexible endoskeleton
Keel -flexible internal keel permits triplanar movement and easy roll over
-flexible keel feet have a smooth and easier roll over compared to SACH
and single axis
-limited push off
6. Single Axis Foot -PF/DF only
-Bumpers can change foot response (add bumpers anterior to resist DF,
add bumpers posterior to resist PF)
-Bumpers can also be made soft/stiff
-Will enhance knee stability in early stance
-Increased weight & maintenance
-Abrupt DF stop will increase knee hyperextension
7. Multi Axial Foot -PF/DF, Inversion/Eversion, IR/ER
-Accommodated uneven terrain
-reduces stress on skin and prosthesis, enhances dynamic balance during
, Prosthetic Written Simulation
gait
-increased weight
8. Dynamic Response / -absorbs energy during midstance / terminal stance, releases energy at
Energy Storing Foot toeoff
9. Flex Foot System -return energy absorbed in early stance as additional push-off during late
stance
-increased push off, may reduce energetic cost of walking, may reduce
sound limb loading
10. Hydraulic Ankles / Mi- -increased toe clearance
croprocessor Feet -walking speed increase
-improved gait patterns
-reduce socket pressures
-no need for compensation
-increased weight
11. Single Axis Prosthetic -simulates simple hinge
Knee -allows shin to swing freely in flexion and extension
-stance phase stability through positioning of knee behind the weight line
and volitional muscle control
-light weight, durable, low maintenance
-no inherent mechanical stability
-not appropriate for those with short limbs
-good for those with long residuums who can voluntarily stabilize knee
through active hip extension against the posterior wall of the prosthesis
12. Polycentric Prosthetic -has moving center of rotation
Knee -flexes during swing
-creates relative "shortening" of distal prosthesis (increases toe clearance,
allows shin to tuck under thigh when sitting)
, Prosthetic Written Simulation
-inherent stance phase stability
-poor durability
13. Weight Activated -has braking mechanism that is activated when weight is applied during
Stance Control Knee stance (intent is to prevent or reduce unwanted knee flexion during
Units stance)
-if IC made when knee is not completely extended, the Braking mechanism
provides additional stability
-during swing functions as single axis knee
-good for recent amputees, short residuums, those with weak hip exten-
sors
14. Manual Locking knee -for patients who must rely on mechanical stability in stance
-basically a single axis knee with the addition of a locking pin
-used by those who walk with the knee locked in extension
-can manually unlock
-often used in training when balance, endurance, or cooperation may be
a problem
15. Hydraulic Prosthetic -cadence response
Knees -hydraulic fluid provides frictional resistance
-helpful for both young, active individuals and old adults with mobility
impairments
-has increased weight, higher maintenance needs, higher cost, may ini-
tially be slow to respond in cold temperatures
16. Pneumatic Prosthetic -allows varied cadence using air pressure dynamics
Knees -usually less weight and are less expensive then hydraulic
-provides less precise cadence control and require just as much Mainte-
nace as hydraulic
17. Microprocessor Pros- -sensors monitor knee position during swing and pressure sensors eval-
thetic Knees uate ground reaction forces in stance
1. K1 Prosthetic Feet SACH foot
2. K2 Prosthetic Feet -SAFE Foot / Flexible Keel
-Single Axis Foot
-Multi Axial Foot
3. K3 Prosthetic Feet -Dynamic Response / Energy Storing
-Flex foot system
-Hydraulic Ankles
-Microprocessor feet
4. SACH Foot -solid ankle cushion heel
-simplest design
-cushion on heel compresses at heel strike, rigid keel allows for stability
at midstance, and flexible forefoot provides roll over
5. SAFE Foot / Flexible -Stationary attachment flexible endoskeleton
Keel -flexible internal keel permits triplanar movement and easy roll over
-flexible keel feet have a smooth and easier roll over compared to SACH
and single axis
-limited push off
6. Single Axis Foot -PF/DF only
-Bumpers can change foot response (add bumpers anterior to resist DF,
add bumpers posterior to resist PF)
-Bumpers can also be made soft/stiff
-Will enhance knee stability in early stance
-Increased weight & maintenance
-Abrupt DF stop will increase knee hyperextension
7. Multi Axial Foot -PF/DF, Inversion/Eversion, IR/ER
-Accommodated uneven terrain
-reduces stress on skin and prosthesis, enhances dynamic balance during
, Prosthetic Written Simulation
gait
-increased weight
8. Dynamic Response / -absorbs energy during midstance / terminal stance, releases energy at
Energy Storing Foot toeoff
9. Flex Foot System -return energy absorbed in early stance as additional push-off during late
stance
-increased push off, may reduce energetic cost of walking, may reduce
sound limb loading
10. Hydraulic Ankles / Mi- -increased toe clearance
croprocessor Feet -walking speed increase
-improved gait patterns
-reduce socket pressures
-no need for compensation
-increased weight
11. Single Axis Prosthetic -simulates simple hinge
Knee -allows shin to swing freely in flexion and extension
-stance phase stability through positioning of knee behind the weight line
and volitional muscle control
-light weight, durable, low maintenance
-no inherent mechanical stability
-not appropriate for those with short limbs
-good for those with long residuums who can voluntarily stabilize knee
through active hip extension against the posterior wall of the prosthesis
12. Polycentric Prosthetic -has moving center of rotation
Knee -flexes during swing
-creates relative "shortening" of distal prosthesis (increases toe clearance,
allows shin to tuck under thigh when sitting)
, Prosthetic Written Simulation
-inherent stance phase stability
-poor durability
13. Weight Activated -has braking mechanism that is activated when weight is applied during
Stance Control Knee stance (intent is to prevent or reduce unwanted knee flexion during
Units stance)
-if IC made when knee is not completely extended, the Braking mechanism
provides additional stability
-during swing functions as single axis knee
-good for recent amputees, short residuums, those with weak hip exten-
sors
14. Manual Locking knee -for patients who must rely on mechanical stability in stance
-basically a single axis knee with the addition of a locking pin
-used by those who walk with the knee locked in extension
-can manually unlock
-often used in training when balance, endurance, or cooperation may be
a problem
15. Hydraulic Prosthetic -cadence response
Knees -hydraulic fluid provides frictional resistance
-helpful for both young, active individuals and old adults with mobility
impairments
-has increased weight, higher maintenance needs, higher cost, may ini-
tially be slow to respond in cold temperatures
16. Pneumatic Prosthetic -allows varied cadence using air pressure dynamics
Knees -usually less weight and are less expensive then hydraulic
-provides less precise cadence control and require just as much Mainte-
nace as hydraulic
17. Microprocessor Pros- -sensors monitor knee position during swing and pressure sensors eval-
thetic Knees uate ground reaction forces in stance
