HCA 100 RAI COMPREHENSIVE TEST
PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+
⫸ How is Palivizumab administered? Answer: As a monthly IM
injection of 15mg/kg shortly before RSV season and continued until the
end of the season.
⫸ What is the treatment choice for Enterobiasis (pin worms)? Answer:
Albendazole and Mebendazole.
⫸ What is the mechanism of action of Albendazole? Answer: Inhibits
effects on tubulin polymerization, which stops the worm intestines.
⫸ What does Mebendazole specifically target? Answer: It targets just
the worms by blocking the polymerization of tubulin in the parasite's
intestinal wall.
⫸ What is Nystatin used to treat? Answer: It is the first-line therapy for
various Candida fungal infections.
⫸ What are the routes of administration for Nystatin? Answer: PO or
topically.
,⫸ What are the side effects of Nystatin? Answer: GI upset and local
irritation to the skin if used topically.
⫸ What precaution should be taken when using Nystatin? Answer: It is
not recommended for treating systemic mycoses.
⫸ What is the purpose of antibiotic stewardship? Answer: To ensure
appropriate use of antibiotics to reduce resistance and avoid unnecessary
use.
⫸ What is empirical treatment in the context of antibiotic therapy?
Answer: Starting antibiotics before lab results confirm the infection
type, usually in cases of severe infection.
⫸ What is a common broad-spectrum antibiotic used in empirical
treatment? Answer: Vancomycin.
⫸ What are the implications of increased antibiotic use? Answer: It can
lead to increased antibiotic resistance.
⫸ What is the primary treatment indication for sulfonamides such as
sulfadiazine? Answer: UTIs
⫸ What is the MOA of sulfonamides? Answer: They suppress bacterial
growth by inhibiting the synthesis of tetrahydrofolate, preventing
bacteria from making DNA, RNA, and proteins.
, ⫸ Why are sulfonamides considered harmless to human cells? Answer:
Bacterial cells cannot take folate from their environment, unlike
mammalian cells.
⫸ What are the common adverse effects of sulfonamides? Answer:
Hypersensitivity reactions, hematologic events (like hemolytic anemia),
kernicterus in infants, and nephrotoxicity.
⫸ What is the black box warning associated with clindamycin? Answer:
It can cause Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD), which
can be fatal if untreated.
⫸ What should be done if a patient develops CDAD while on
clindamycin? Answer: Clindamycin should be discontinued immediately
and vigorous fluid and electrolyte replacement therapy is indicated.
⫸ What is the recommended dosage and administration method for
estradiol in gender-affirmation surgery? Answer: 5-10 mg weekly via
IM injection, increasing according to patient response.
⫸ What are the risks associated with testosterone abuse? Answer: HTN,
testicular shrinkage, sterility, gynecomastia, acne, atherosclerosis, and
psychological effects.
PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+
⫸ How is Palivizumab administered? Answer: As a monthly IM
injection of 15mg/kg shortly before RSV season and continued until the
end of the season.
⫸ What is the treatment choice for Enterobiasis (pin worms)? Answer:
Albendazole and Mebendazole.
⫸ What is the mechanism of action of Albendazole? Answer: Inhibits
effects on tubulin polymerization, which stops the worm intestines.
⫸ What does Mebendazole specifically target? Answer: It targets just
the worms by blocking the polymerization of tubulin in the parasite's
intestinal wall.
⫸ What is Nystatin used to treat? Answer: It is the first-line therapy for
various Candida fungal infections.
⫸ What are the routes of administration for Nystatin? Answer: PO or
topically.
,⫸ What are the side effects of Nystatin? Answer: GI upset and local
irritation to the skin if used topically.
⫸ What precaution should be taken when using Nystatin? Answer: It is
not recommended for treating systemic mycoses.
⫸ What is the purpose of antibiotic stewardship? Answer: To ensure
appropriate use of antibiotics to reduce resistance and avoid unnecessary
use.
⫸ What is empirical treatment in the context of antibiotic therapy?
Answer: Starting antibiotics before lab results confirm the infection
type, usually in cases of severe infection.
⫸ What is a common broad-spectrum antibiotic used in empirical
treatment? Answer: Vancomycin.
⫸ What are the implications of increased antibiotic use? Answer: It can
lead to increased antibiotic resistance.
⫸ What is the primary treatment indication for sulfonamides such as
sulfadiazine? Answer: UTIs
⫸ What is the MOA of sulfonamides? Answer: They suppress bacterial
growth by inhibiting the synthesis of tetrahydrofolate, preventing
bacteria from making DNA, RNA, and proteins.
, ⫸ Why are sulfonamides considered harmless to human cells? Answer:
Bacterial cells cannot take folate from their environment, unlike
mammalian cells.
⫸ What are the common adverse effects of sulfonamides? Answer:
Hypersensitivity reactions, hematologic events (like hemolytic anemia),
kernicterus in infants, and nephrotoxicity.
⫸ What is the black box warning associated with clindamycin? Answer:
It can cause Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD), which
can be fatal if untreated.
⫸ What should be done if a patient develops CDAD while on
clindamycin? Answer: Clindamycin should be discontinued immediately
and vigorous fluid and electrolyte replacement therapy is indicated.
⫸ What is the recommended dosage and administration method for
estradiol in gender-affirmation surgery? Answer: 5-10 mg weekly via
IM injection, increasing according to patient response.
⫸ What are the risks associated with testosterone abuse? Answer: HTN,
testicular shrinkage, sterility, gynecomastia, acne, atherosclerosis, and
psychological effects.
