ATI CIRRHOSIS ACTUAL
EXAM WITH COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS
ALREADY GRADED
A+\VERIFIED BY EXPERT
A nurse is caring for a client who has bleeding esophageal varices and is being treated with a
Sengstaken-Blakemore tube. Which of the following actions should the nurse perform?
A. Deflate the balloons for 5 min every 2 hr to prevent tissue necrosis.
B. Maintain constant observation while the balloons are inflated.
C. Suction the tube every 2 hr and as needed to maintain patency.
D. Keep the head of the bed flat at all times to prevent the development of shock.
B. Maintain constant observation while the balloons are inflated.
Rationale: A Sengstaken-Blakemore tube is used to stop or slow bleeding from the esophagus and
stomach. When the balloons are inflated, they put pressure on the areas that are hemorrhaging to
tamponade the bleeding. While the balloons are inflated, the client must be observed constantly
because displacement can cause airway obstruction.
A nurse is collecting the medical history from a client who has manifestations of syndrome of
inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). The nurse should ask the client if he has a history of
which of the following conditions that can cause SIADH?
A. Osteoarthritis
B. Lung cancer
C. Liver cirrhosis
D. Dyspepsia
B. Lung cancer
Rationale: The nurse should ask the client if he has a history of lung cancer because some of the
treatment options for small cell lung cancer can cause secretion of antidiuretic hormone. This
, results in the body retaining water and can cause the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic
hormone (SIADH).
A nurse is caring for a client who has syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) and a
sodium level of 123 mEq/L. Which of the following prescriptions should the nurse anticipate?
A. Maintain an IV of 0.45% sodium chloride.
B. Restrict fluid intake to 1,000 mL per day.
C. Provide a diet containing 2 g of sodium per day.
D. Administer desmopressin acetate 0.2 mg orally.
B. Restrict fluid intake to 1,000 mL per day.
Rationale: Clients who have SIADH have an increased amount of antidiuretic hormone, which results in
excess fluid volume. This excess fluid dilutes the sodium level in the blood, causing dilutional
hyponatremia. Oral fluids are restricted in an attempt to restore the fluid balance and the
sodium level in the blood. The nurse should offer this client frequent oral care to prevent discomfort
and breakdown of the oral mucosa.
A nurse is caring for a child who has Addison's disease. Which of the following actions should the
nurse take?
A. Teach the parents about cortisol replacement therapy.
B. Place the child on a low-sodium diet.
C. Monitor the child for fluid volume excess.
D. Discuss the manifestations of hyperglycemia with the parents.
A. Teach the parents about cortisol replacement therapy.
Rationale: The nurse should plan to teach the child's parents about cortisol replacement therapy.
Administration of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids is necessary because inadequate
supplies or a sudden cessation of the medications can cause acute adrenal crisis.
A nurse is teaching a client who has been taking prednisone to treat asthma and has a new
prescription to discontinue the medication. The nurse should explain to the client to reduce the dose
gradually to prevent which of the following adverse effects?
A. Hyperglycemia
B. Adrenocortical insufficiency
C. Severe dehydration
D. Rebound pulmonary congestion
B. Adrenocortical insufficiency
Rationale: Prednisone, a corticosteroid, is similar to cortisol, the glucocorticoid hormone produced by
the adrenal glands. It relieves inflammation and is used to treat certain forms of arthritis, severe
allergies, autoimmune disorders, and asthma. Administration of glucocorticoids can suppress production
of glucocorticoids, and an abrupt withdrawal of the drug can lead to a syndrome of adrenal
insufficiency.
EXAM WITH COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS
ALREADY GRADED
A+\VERIFIED BY EXPERT
A nurse is caring for a client who has bleeding esophageal varices and is being treated with a
Sengstaken-Blakemore tube. Which of the following actions should the nurse perform?
A. Deflate the balloons for 5 min every 2 hr to prevent tissue necrosis.
B. Maintain constant observation while the balloons are inflated.
C. Suction the tube every 2 hr and as needed to maintain patency.
D. Keep the head of the bed flat at all times to prevent the development of shock.
B. Maintain constant observation while the balloons are inflated.
Rationale: A Sengstaken-Blakemore tube is used to stop or slow bleeding from the esophagus and
stomach. When the balloons are inflated, they put pressure on the areas that are hemorrhaging to
tamponade the bleeding. While the balloons are inflated, the client must be observed constantly
because displacement can cause airway obstruction.
A nurse is collecting the medical history from a client who has manifestations of syndrome of
inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). The nurse should ask the client if he has a history of
which of the following conditions that can cause SIADH?
A. Osteoarthritis
B. Lung cancer
C. Liver cirrhosis
D. Dyspepsia
B. Lung cancer
Rationale: The nurse should ask the client if he has a history of lung cancer because some of the
treatment options for small cell lung cancer can cause secretion of antidiuretic hormone. This
, results in the body retaining water and can cause the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic
hormone (SIADH).
A nurse is caring for a client who has syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) and a
sodium level of 123 mEq/L. Which of the following prescriptions should the nurse anticipate?
A. Maintain an IV of 0.45% sodium chloride.
B. Restrict fluid intake to 1,000 mL per day.
C. Provide a diet containing 2 g of sodium per day.
D. Administer desmopressin acetate 0.2 mg orally.
B. Restrict fluid intake to 1,000 mL per day.
Rationale: Clients who have SIADH have an increased amount of antidiuretic hormone, which results in
excess fluid volume. This excess fluid dilutes the sodium level in the blood, causing dilutional
hyponatremia. Oral fluids are restricted in an attempt to restore the fluid balance and the
sodium level in the blood. The nurse should offer this client frequent oral care to prevent discomfort
and breakdown of the oral mucosa.
A nurse is caring for a child who has Addison's disease. Which of the following actions should the
nurse take?
A. Teach the parents about cortisol replacement therapy.
B. Place the child on a low-sodium diet.
C. Monitor the child for fluid volume excess.
D. Discuss the manifestations of hyperglycemia with the parents.
A. Teach the parents about cortisol replacement therapy.
Rationale: The nurse should plan to teach the child's parents about cortisol replacement therapy.
Administration of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids is necessary because inadequate
supplies or a sudden cessation of the medications can cause acute adrenal crisis.
A nurse is teaching a client who has been taking prednisone to treat asthma and has a new
prescription to discontinue the medication. The nurse should explain to the client to reduce the dose
gradually to prevent which of the following adverse effects?
A. Hyperglycemia
B. Adrenocortical insufficiency
C. Severe dehydration
D. Rebound pulmonary congestion
B. Adrenocortical insufficiency
Rationale: Prednisone, a corticosteroid, is similar to cortisol, the glucocorticoid hormone produced by
the adrenal glands. It relieves inflammation and is used to treat certain forms of arthritis, severe
allergies, autoimmune disorders, and asthma. Administration of glucocorticoids can suppress production
of glucocorticoids, and an abrupt withdrawal of the drug can lead to a syndrome of adrenal
insufficiency.
