HCA 100 RAI CERTIFICATION REVIEW SET
2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED
A+
⫸ The degree to which an ingested nutrient gets absorbed and is
available to the body is which of the following?
-diffusion
-transport
-bioavailability
-absorption Answer: Correct answer:
bioavailability
Bioavailability is influenced by substances in food, drugs, and body
stores. Medications can also influence bioavailability by either blocking
or enhancing absorption.
⫸ The vitamin most closely associated with protein metabolism is
Answer: pyridoxine.
⫸ A nutrient that helps prevent free radical damage to membranes is
Answer: selenium
⫸ A rich source of vitamin E in the diet is Answer: soybean oil.
,⫸ The nutrient intake guideline that sets the maximal nutrient intake
that is unlikely to pose a risk of toxicity in healthy individuals is called
Answer: the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL).
⫸ Noncaloric essential nutrients in necessary small amounts for specific
metabolic very control and disease prevention are called Answer:
vitamins
⫸ Vitamins regulate body metabolism by working as Answer: specific
catalysts.
⫸ A significant source of vitamin A is found in Answer: spinach.
⫸ A vitamin that plays a major role in blood clotting is Answer: vitamin
K.
⫸ The mineral that is a catalyst for many reactions in cells that produce
energy is Answer: magnesium
⫸ Thyroid-stimulating hormone controls the uptake of Answer: iodine.
⫸ Iron plays a role in Answer: hemoglobin synthesis.
,⫸ The mineral for the controlled necessary oxidation of carbohydrate,
fat, and protein in producing and storing available energy for the body is
Answer: phosphorus
⫸ The trace mineral that plays a role in hemoglobin formation and
general metabolism is Answer: iron.
⫸ An important function of sodium is Answer: water balance.
⫸ Iron is stored as Answer: ferritin
⫸ Major minerals are Answer: required by the body in amounts of more
than 100 mg/day.
⫸ The greatest source of dietary zinc is Answer: meat.
⫸ A food that is a good source of calcium is Answer: yogurt
⫸ The major electrolyte found inside cells is Answer: potassium.
⫸ A decrease in the activation of vitamin D in kidney disease results in
Answer: osteodystrophy
⫸ Medical nutrition therapy for acute glomerulonephritis consists of
Answer: adequate calories to maintain metabolic needs
, ⫸ During hemodialysis, protein intake is usually Answer: at least 1.2
g/kg.
⫸ Elevated blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and serum uric acid
levels are reflected in the laboratory finding of Answer: azotemia.
⫸ For patients with chronic kidney failure, potassium intake is based on
Answer: serum potassium level.
⫸ Patients with chronic kidney disease often develop anemia due to
Answer: the inadequate production of erythropoietin
⫸ Patients with chronic kidney failure treated with peritoneal dialysis
must consider needs based on energy Answer: absorbed from the
dialysate. energy
⫸ A potent hormone produced by the adrenal glands that acts on the
distal nephron tubule to reabsorb sodium is Answer: aldosterone
⫸ The massive edema of nephrotic syndrome is caused by Answer:
large protein losses in the urine.
⫸ Symptoms of chronic renal failure include Answer: diarrhea.
2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED
A+
⫸ The degree to which an ingested nutrient gets absorbed and is
available to the body is which of the following?
-diffusion
-transport
-bioavailability
-absorption Answer: Correct answer:
bioavailability
Bioavailability is influenced by substances in food, drugs, and body
stores. Medications can also influence bioavailability by either blocking
or enhancing absorption.
⫸ The vitamin most closely associated with protein metabolism is
Answer: pyridoxine.
⫸ A nutrient that helps prevent free radical damage to membranes is
Answer: selenium
⫸ A rich source of vitamin E in the diet is Answer: soybean oil.
,⫸ The nutrient intake guideline that sets the maximal nutrient intake
that is unlikely to pose a risk of toxicity in healthy individuals is called
Answer: the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL).
⫸ Noncaloric essential nutrients in necessary small amounts for specific
metabolic very control and disease prevention are called Answer:
vitamins
⫸ Vitamins regulate body metabolism by working as Answer: specific
catalysts.
⫸ A significant source of vitamin A is found in Answer: spinach.
⫸ A vitamin that plays a major role in blood clotting is Answer: vitamin
K.
⫸ The mineral that is a catalyst for many reactions in cells that produce
energy is Answer: magnesium
⫸ Thyroid-stimulating hormone controls the uptake of Answer: iodine.
⫸ Iron plays a role in Answer: hemoglobin synthesis.
,⫸ The mineral for the controlled necessary oxidation of carbohydrate,
fat, and protein in producing and storing available energy for the body is
Answer: phosphorus
⫸ The trace mineral that plays a role in hemoglobin formation and
general metabolism is Answer: iron.
⫸ An important function of sodium is Answer: water balance.
⫸ Iron is stored as Answer: ferritin
⫸ Major minerals are Answer: required by the body in amounts of more
than 100 mg/day.
⫸ The greatest source of dietary zinc is Answer: meat.
⫸ A food that is a good source of calcium is Answer: yogurt
⫸ The major electrolyte found inside cells is Answer: potassium.
⫸ A decrease in the activation of vitamin D in kidney disease results in
Answer: osteodystrophy
⫸ Medical nutrition therapy for acute glomerulonephritis consists of
Answer: adequate calories to maintain metabolic needs
, ⫸ During hemodialysis, protein intake is usually Answer: at least 1.2
g/kg.
⫸ Elevated blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and serum uric acid
levels are reflected in the laboratory finding of Answer: azotemia.
⫸ For patients with chronic kidney failure, potassium intake is based on
Answer: serum potassium level.
⫸ Patients with chronic kidney disease often develop anemia due to
Answer: the inadequate production of erythropoietin
⫸ Patients with chronic kidney failure treated with peritoneal dialysis
must consider needs based on energy Answer: absorbed from the
dialysate. energy
⫸ A potent hormone produced by the adrenal glands that acts on the
distal nephron tubule to reabsorb sodium is Answer: aldosterone
⫸ The massive edema of nephrotic syndrome is caused by Answer:
large protein losses in the urine.
⫸ Symptoms of chronic renal failure include Answer: diarrhea.
