EXAM FOR THE WGU PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
D236 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS
Cause and sign of spina bifida - ANSWER -results from failure of neural tube to close. sign -
fluid filled sac on lower back.
hemophilia is more common in - ANSWER -males
Prenatal exposure to alcohol includes - ANSWER -ND-PAE, decreased brain function, FAS
Connective vs muscle tissue disorders - ANSWER -Connective- RA, Scleroderma, Lupus
Muscle - MS, Muscular dystrophy, Myasthenia Gravia
Describe Lupus - ANSWER -Inflammatory disorder characterized by joint pain and butterfly
rash
Describe Myasthenia Gravis - ANSWER -It is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies
attack own Ach receptors. This causes weakness of skeletal muscles over the course of the
day, along with ptosis, double vision, and difficulty swallowing.
dermatitis - ANSWER -inflammation of the skin
eczema - ANSWER -noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness,
blisters, scabs, and itching
decubitus ulcer - ANSWER -sore caused by lying down for long periods of time
Fungal infections - ANSWER -superficial, localized skin conditions or deep tissue infections
caused by exposure to spores
may or may not be transmitted
benign neoplasm - ANSWER -noncancerous growths, stationary, distinct borders
malignant neoplasm - ANSWER -uncontrolled new tissue growth, irregular borders, spreads
Osteoporosis - ANSWER -The loss of bone mass often due to age, causing the bones to
become porous, brittle, and easily fractured.
osteomalacia - ANSWER -disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and
vitamin D deficiency
, myoglobin - ANSWER -red pigment that stores oxygen in muscle cells
Bursa - ANSWER -fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over
another
Rickets - ANSWER -a vitamin D deficiency in children, resulting in soft bones
Degenerative disk disease - ANSWER -A condition in which an intervertebral disk loses its
normal structural integrity as a result of wear and tear, acute or repeated injuries or aging
Paget disease - ANSWER -Chronic inflammation of bones, resulting in thickening and
softening of bones, that can occur in any bone but most commonly affects the long bones of
the legs, the lower spine, the pelvis, and the skull
Describe how your body responds to an infection. - ANSWER -T cells produce cytokines,
which stimulate B cells. B cells produce antibodies.
Identify role of DNA changes in congenital abnormalities. - ANSWER -Mutations in genes or
chromosomal abnormalities
How does development disrupts congenital abnormalities? - ANSWER -Alterations of DNA
Describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions affect wellbeing. - ANSWER
-(ex) Fluid and electrolyte shifts can cause n/v or dysrhythmias.
Explain RAAS - ANSWER -Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
1. Reduce blood flow causes kidneys to release renin
> produce angiotensin I > converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II > vasoconstriction >
release aldosterone > kidneys conserve sodium and water > Result less water lost in urine
and blood pressure maintained.
DKA - ANSWER -increased anion gap, decreased HCO3
How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis - ANSWER -retain H and excrete HCO3
Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte? - ANSWER -Potassium
West Nile Virus - ANSWER -Transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Severe
signs and symptoms; high fever, headache and stiff neck
Lyme disease - ANSWER -Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.
Erythema infectiosum - ANSWER -a febrile upper respiratory illness in a child followed by the
sudden appearance of red, flushed cheeks, "fifth disease"
Obesity ad diabetes are risk factors for having a child with _____. - ANSWER -Spina bifida
D236 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS
Cause and sign of spina bifida - ANSWER -results from failure of neural tube to close. sign -
fluid filled sac on lower back.
hemophilia is more common in - ANSWER -males
Prenatal exposure to alcohol includes - ANSWER -ND-PAE, decreased brain function, FAS
Connective vs muscle tissue disorders - ANSWER -Connective- RA, Scleroderma, Lupus
Muscle - MS, Muscular dystrophy, Myasthenia Gravia
Describe Lupus - ANSWER -Inflammatory disorder characterized by joint pain and butterfly
rash
Describe Myasthenia Gravis - ANSWER -It is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies
attack own Ach receptors. This causes weakness of skeletal muscles over the course of the
day, along with ptosis, double vision, and difficulty swallowing.
dermatitis - ANSWER -inflammation of the skin
eczema - ANSWER -noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness,
blisters, scabs, and itching
decubitus ulcer - ANSWER -sore caused by lying down for long periods of time
Fungal infections - ANSWER -superficial, localized skin conditions or deep tissue infections
caused by exposure to spores
may or may not be transmitted
benign neoplasm - ANSWER -noncancerous growths, stationary, distinct borders
malignant neoplasm - ANSWER -uncontrolled new tissue growth, irregular borders, spreads
Osteoporosis - ANSWER -The loss of bone mass often due to age, causing the bones to
become porous, brittle, and easily fractured.
osteomalacia - ANSWER -disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and
vitamin D deficiency
, myoglobin - ANSWER -red pigment that stores oxygen in muscle cells
Bursa - ANSWER -fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over
another
Rickets - ANSWER -a vitamin D deficiency in children, resulting in soft bones
Degenerative disk disease - ANSWER -A condition in which an intervertebral disk loses its
normal structural integrity as a result of wear and tear, acute or repeated injuries or aging
Paget disease - ANSWER -Chronic inflammation of bones, resulting in thickening and
softening of bones, that can occur in any bone but most commonly affects the long bones of
the legs, the lower spine, the pelvis, and the skull
Describe how your body responds to an infection. - ANSWER -T cells produce cytokines,
which stimulate B cells. B cells produce antibodies.
Identify role of DNA changes in congenital abnormalities. - ANSWER -Mutations in genes or
chromosomal abnormalities
How does development disrupts congenital abnormalities? - ANSWER -Alterations of DNA
Describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions affect wellbeing. - ANSWER
-(ex) Fluid and electrolyte shifts can cause n/v or dysrhythmias.
Explain RAAS - ANSWER -Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
1. Reduce blood flow causes kidneys to release renin
> produce angiotensin I > converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II > vasoconstriction >
release aldosterone > kidneys conserve sodium and water > Result less water lost in urine
and blood pressure maintained.
DKA - ANSWER -increased anion gap, decreased HCO3
How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis - ANSWER -retain H and excrete HCO3
Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte? - ANSWER -Potassium
West Nile Virus - ANSWER -Transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Severe
signs and symptoms; high fever, headache and stiff neck
Lyme disease - ANSWER -Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.
Erythema infectiosum - ANSWER -a febrile upper respiratory illness in a child followed by the
sudden appearance of red, flushed cheeks, "fifth disease"
Obesity ad diabetes are risk factors for having a child with _____. - ANSWER -Spina bifida
